Cardiovascular Flashcards
To Know The CardioVascular System In the First Aid Book.
Normal Heart Rate
60 - 100 bpm
Heart Rate < 60 bpm is?
Bradycardia
Heart Rate > 100 bpm is?
Tachycardia
Rhythm, look for what on tracing?
P before every QRS and QRS after every P
Axis: Normal
Upright (positive) QRS in leads I and II
Left Axis Deviation
Upright (positive) QRS in lead I
&
Downward (negative) QRS in Lead II
Right Axis Deviation
Downward QRS in lead I
&
Upright QRS in lead II
What is “unstable” in a patient?
Chest Pain
SOB
Hypotension
Confusion (brain not perfusing)
Characteristics of “Stable Angina”
Tightness Heaviness Pressure Sore Dull Squeeze
Inferior Wall Ischemia presents?
Presents with Vagal Reflexes
Bradycardia Hypotension Dizzy Faint Sweating
Less Likely to be Ischemic or Infarct with characteristics like?
Sharp / knife like pain, easily pinpointed
Pain reproduced on palpation
Or
Change in position
Tender
Respiratory changes
True Infarct has a time that lasts longer than?
Pain lasts > 20 - 30 min
Transient Ischemia
Or
Esophageal Spasms
Relieved by Nitro
GERD (Worse with Nitro)
To Distinguish between LBBB and RBBB
WiLLiaM MaRRoW:
W patter: of QRS in V1-V2 and M pattern of QRS in V3-V6 for LBBB
M pattern: of QRS in V1-V2 and W pattern of QRS in V3-V6 for RBBB
Infarction
ST is elevated or depressed?
T-wave is?
ST Elevation
T wave inversion
Systolic Murmurs:
Aortic Stenosis
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Flow Murmur
AS- Harsh Systolic ejection murmur
- radiation to carotids
MR- Holosystolic murmur
- radiation to axillae or carotids
MVP- Midsystolic Click or Late Systolic Click
Flow Murmur- Common, no disease
Diastolic Murmurs:
Aortic Regurgitation
Mitral Stenosis
AR- Early decrescendo murmur
MS- Mid to late, low pitched murmur
Difference of 20 mmHg in Arms with B.P. suggests what?
Aortic Disection
Gallops:
S3
S4
S3- Volume Issue
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (Floppy ventricle) - Mitral Valve Disease - Estrogen effect in early females (normal)
S4- Stiff Ventricle
- HTN - Diastolic dysfunction (stiff ventricle) - Aortic Stenosis
Edema, what are causes?
Pulmonary
Peripheral
Pulmonary: Left heart Failure
Peripheral: Right heart failure
: Hypoalbuminemia and drugs
: Hepatic Disease
Pulsus Paradoxus
(decreased systolic B.P. with inspiration)
Pericardial tamponade Asthma COPD Tension Pneumothorax Foreign body in airway
Pulsus Alternans
(alternating weak and strong pulse)
Cardiac tamponade
impaired left ventricular systolic function
Poor prognosis
Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
(weak and delayed pulse)
Aortic Stenosis
Management of Atrial Fibrillation
ABCD
Anti-Coagulate
Beta Blockers to control rate
Cardiovert / Calcium Channel Blockers
Digoxin