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Pharmacology > Cardiovascular 2 Anti-lipids > Flashcards

Cardiovascular 2 Anti-lipids Flashcards

1
Q

MoA for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

inhibits cholesterol synthesis

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2
Q

Indications for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

hyperlipidemia

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3
Q

SE/ADRs for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

diarrhea, arthralgia, nausea, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis

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4
Q

Contra-indications for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

liver disease (CYP450 metabolism)

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5
Q

Dx-Dx interactions for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

decrease [Dabigatron]

St John’s Wort decrease [Atorvostatin]

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6
Q

Monitoring for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

creatinine kinase (CK), AST/ALT baseline & later if sxs; lipid panel

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7
Q

PG category for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

A

avoid

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8
Q

Atorvastatin

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
CYP3A4 metabolism
10mg

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9
Q

Lovastatin

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
cautious use in decreased renal function
40mg

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10
Q

Pravastatin

A

not CYP450 metabolized; caution in renal, hepatic dysfunction
40mg

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11
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

second most potent for combo LDL/Trig reduction; caution renal/hepatic dysfunction
5mg

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12
Q

Simvastatin

A

no longer use 80mg dose, caution in renal dysfunction

20mg

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13
Q

Fluvastatin

A

daily or twice daily dosing

80mg

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14
Q

Drug class for Cholestyramine

A

bile-acid sequestrant

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15
Q

MoA for Cholestyramine

A

binds bile acids inhibiting enterohepatic circulation of cholesterol

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16
Q

Indications for Cholestyramine

A

hypercholesteremia

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17
Q

SE/ADRs for Cholestyramine

A

constipation, heartburn, nausea, bloating, long term may decrease folate absorption

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18
Q

Contra-indications for Cholestyramine

A

hypersensitivity, bowel or biliary obstruction

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19
Q

Dx-Dx interactions for Cholestyramine

A

not absorbed from bowel

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20
Q

Monitoring for Cholestyramine

A

lipid panel

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21
Q

PG category for Cholestyramine

A

PG B

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22
Q

What should we be cautious about with Cholestyramine & Colesevelam?

A

constipation

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23
Q

Drug class for Colesevelam

A

bile-acid sequestrant

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24
Q

MoA for Colesevelam

A

binds bile acids inhibiting enterohepatic circulation of cholesterol

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25
Q

Indications for Colesevelam

A

LDL reduction, DM2, usually adjunct

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26
Q

SE/ADRs for Colesevelam

A

constipation, heartburn, nausea, bloating, long term may decrease folate absorption

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27
Q

Contra-indications for Colesevelam

A

hypersensitivity, bowel or biliary obstruction

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28
Q

Dx-Dx interactions for Colesevelam

A

not absorbed from bowel

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29
Q

Monitoring for Colesevelam

A

lipid panel

30
Q

PG category for Colesevelam

31
Q

Drug class for Gemfibrazil & Fenofibrate

A

fabric acid

32
Q

MoA for Gemfibrazil & Fenofibrate

A

unknown; possible changes in various enzymes involved in VLDL & IDL metabolism

33
Q

Indications for Gemfibrazil & Fenofibrate

A

hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL

34
Q

SE/ADRs for Gemfibrazil & Fenofibrate

A

fatigue, N/V, dyspepsia, diarrhea, flatulence, potentiates Warfarin

35
Q

Contra-indications for Gemfibrazil & Fenofibrate

A

hypersensitivity, hepatic or severe renal disease, GB disease

36
Q

Dx-Dx interactions for Gemfibrazil & Fenofibrate

A

caution with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, avoid w/ Clopidogrel, Repaglinide, Warfarin

37
Q

Monitoring for Gemfibrazil & Fenofibrate

A

hepatic function, LDH, Alk phos, eGFR, lipid panel, glucose, CK

38
Q

PG category for Gemfibrazil & Fenofibrate

39
Q

Drug class for Niacin

A

nicotinic acid

40
Q

MoA for Niacin

A

inhibits fatty acid release from adipose tissue & hepatic trig production

41
Q

Indications for Niacin

A

hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, high LDL

42
Q

SE/ADRs for Niacin

A

flushing, itching, arrhythmias, decrease glucose tolerance, gout, blurred vision

43
Q

Contra-indications for Niacin

A

alcoholism, hypersensitivity, peptic ulcer

44
Q

Dx-Dx interactions for Niacin

A

may increase [HMG-CoA RI]

45
Q

Monitoring for Niacin

A

uric acid, blood glucose, lipids

46
Q

PG category for Niacin

47
Q

Drug class for Exetimibe

A

cholesterol absorption inhibitor

48
Q

MoA for Exetimibe

A

decrease absorption of cholesterol from GI tract

49
Q

Indications for Exetimibe

A

hypercholesteremia

50
Q

SE/ADRs for Exetimibe

51
Q

Contra-indications for Exetimibe

A

active hepatic disease, hypersensitivity

52
Q

Dx-Dx interactions for Exetimibe

53
Q

Monitoring for Exetimibe

A

liver function

54
Q

PG category for Exetimibe

55
Q

Drug class for Omega 3 Fatty Acids

56
Q

MoA for Omega 3 Fatty Acids

57
Q

Indications for Omega 3 Fatty Acids

A

high Trig despite diet, alcohol restriction, fibrates

58
Q

SE/ADRs for Omega 3 Fatty Acids

A

diarrhea, belching, dyspepsia, change in taste, angina, flue type syndrome, excess bleeding

59
Q

Contra-indications for Omega 3 Fatty Acids

A

fish allergy

60
Q

Dx-Dx interactions for Omega 3 Fatty Acids

A

anticoagulants

61
Q

Monitoring for Omega 3 Fatty Acids

62
Q

PG category for Omega 3 Fatty Acids

63
Q

Drug class for Evolocumab

A

PCSK9 inhibitor

64
Q

MoA for Evolocumab

A

human monoclonal antibody that binds to proportion converts subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibiting the degradation of LDLR; this increases the # of LDLRs available to clear LDL from the blood, thereby lowering LDL-C levels

65
Q

Indications for Evolocumab

A

drug resistance hyperlipidemia, esp homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

66
Q

SE/ADRs for Evolocumab

A

nasopharyngitis, HTN, gastroenteritis, URIs

67
Q

Contra-indications for Evolocumab

A

hypersensitivity

68
Q

Dx-Dx interactions for Evolocumab

69
Q

Monitoring for Evolocumab

A

lipid profile

70
Q

PG category for Evolocumab

71
Q

How is Evolocumab administered?

A

new drug class; admin SQ

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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