cardiovascular 2

Question 1

HTN medication categories (over arching, nothing specific)

Answer 1

loop diuretics, thiazines, k+ sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers. beta 1 blockers, alpha 1 blockers, alpha 2 agonists, Ca++ channel blockers, vasodilators, centrally acting sypatholytics

Question 2

CHF medication categories

Answer 2

diuretics, vasodilators, inotropic agents

Question 3

explain diuretics with CHF

Answer 3

loop=possible resistance over time
thiazides=for mild CHF, with loop diuretics
spiro=might be best due to natriuretic effect (rid of salt)

Question 4

what are the common types of vasodilators used in CHF?

Answer 4

ACE inhibitors
ARBs (if side effects of ACE inhibitors are too much)
nitrovasodilators (inc organic nitrates)
Ca++ channel blockers (second line option)

Question 5

what do beta agonists do for CHF?

Answer 5

retard pathological remodeling of ventricles

Question 6

what are 2 cardiac glycosides?

Answer 6

digoxin

digitoxin

Question 7

what are the effects of cardiac glycosides

Answer 7

increased myocardial contractility

potentiation of vagal nerve effects (slows HR)

Question 8

inotropic effect?

Answer 8

increased CO
increased kidney perfusion
increased urine output

Question 9

negative chronotropic effect

Answer 9

decreased HR

Question 10

what 2 types of drugs are used for HF stage A?

Answer 10

ACE inhibitors

ARBs

Question 11

what 2 types of drugs are used for HF stage B?

Answer 11

ACE inhibitors
ARBs
beta blockers

Question 12

what 2 types of drugs are used for HF stage C?

Answer 12

ACE inhibitors
ARBs
beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonist
Digitalis
Hydralazine/nitrates

Question 13

stable angina

Answer 13

blockage of coronary arteries

pain following exercise or stress

Question 14

unstable angina

Answer 14

blockage in smaller arteries and most common cause of MI

Question 15

prinzmetal

Answer 15

coronary artery spasm

Question 16

what drugs are used to treat angina?

Answer 16

nitrates