cardiovascular

Question 1

function

Answer 1

deliver oxygen, remove waste (carbon dioxide), gain o2/expel co2

Question 2

arteries

Answer 2

pumps blood away from heart (thick walls)

Question 3

veins

Answer 3

pumps towards the heart (thin walls)

Question 4

capillaries

Answer 4

exchange for oxygen, nutrients, waste

Question 5

varicocele

Answer 5

enlargement of vein in scrotum (causes infertility)

Question 6

pulmonary artery

Answer 6

carries blood to lungs

Question 7

pulmonary vein

Answer 7

carries bloods to heart

Question 8

tricuspid valve

Answer 8

between right atrium and right ventricle

Question 9

pulmonary valve

Answer 9

between right ventricle and artery

Question 10

mitral valve

Answer 10

between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 11

aortic valve

Answer 11

between left ventricle and aorta

Question 12

phases of heartbeat

Answer 12

diastole (relaxation/expands) systole (contraction)

Question 13

systole

Answer 13

70-80 contractions per minute, pumping 3 ounces of blood per contraction

Question 14

lubb

Answer 14

closure of tricuspid and mitral valve at beginning of systole

Question 15

dubb

Answer 15

closure of aortic and pulmonary valves at end of systole

Question 16

murmur

Answer 16

abnormal heart sound caused by improper valve closure

Question 17

pacemaker

Answer 17

begins wave of excitation (atrioventricular node) to bundle of his which stimulate the ventricle walls to make them contract

Question 18

electrocardiogram (ecg/ekg)

Answer 18

recording electrical activity of the heart using electrodes which detect changes on the skin that arise from heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat

Question 19

P wave

Answer 19

excitation wave over atria

Question 20

qrs wave

Answer 20

excitation wave over ventricles

Question 21

t wave

Answer 21

electrical recovery/relaxation

Question 22

arrhythmias

Answer 22

heart block, bradycardia (heart rate less than 60), atrial flutter (rapid,regular contractions), fibrillation (rapid,irregular contractions)

Question 23

tachycardia

Answer 23

excessively fast heart rate

Question 24

blood pressure

Answer 24

force that blood exerts on arterial walls

Question 25

coarctation

Answer 25

narrowing of aorta at birth (causes left ventricle to generate higher pressure) impedes blood flow

Question 26

patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 26

mixes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 27

septal defects

Answer 27

either atrial or ventricular which causes defects in separating two and allows blood to flow between

Question 29

tetraology of fallot

Answer 29

right ventricle develops thickened muscle

Question 30

transposition of the great arteries

Answer 30

main arteries of the heart are reversed which changes blood circulation

Question 31

congestive heart failure

Answer 31

heart is unable to pump sufficient amount of blood to meet body’s needs (pulmonary edema, shortness of breath)

Question 32

b-type natriuretic peptide test

Answer 32

level of bnp reflects overloaded heart and stretching of heart muscles

Question 33

atherosclerosis

Answer 33

yellow fat hardening due to atheroma

Question 34

thrombotic occlusion

Answer 34

blockage of aorta/arteries

Question 35

ischemia

Answer 35

block blood flow

Question 36

infarction

Answer 36

death in tissue/muscle due to obstruction of blood circulation

Question 37

acute coronary syndromes

Answer 37

symptoms that arise from decreased blood flow (chest pain)

Question 38

myocardial infarction

Answer 38

known as heart attack, caused by rupture of atherosclerotic plaque that causes complete blockage of artery and stopping of blood flow

Question 39

troponin test

Answer 39

increased level of cardiac protein troponin is a marker of heart attack

Question 40

percutaneous coronary intervention

Answer 40

nonsurgical procedure that uses catheter to place a stent that opens blood vessels

Question 41

cardiac catheterziation

Answer 41

insertion of catheter into chamber or vessel of the heart

Question 42

endarterectomy

Answer 42

remove atheromatous plaque in the lining of an artery

Question 43

defibrillation

Answer 43

delivering a therapeutic dose of electrical energy to heart

Question 44

hypertensive heart disease

Answer 44

causes atherosclerosis

Question 45

mitral valve prolapse

Answer 45

displacement of abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet

Question 46

mitral regurgitation

Answer 46

disorder of the heart in which the mitral valve does not close

Question 47

mitral stenosis

Answer 47

narrowing of mitral valve opening that normally block blood flow

Question 48

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 48

develops after strept throat that damages valves

Question 49

endocarditis

Answer 49

inflammation of inner layer of the heart

Question 50

pericarditis

Answer 50

inflammation of pericardium

Question 51

aneurysm

Answer 51

blood-filled balloon like bulge in wall of blood vessel

Question 52

deep vein thrombosis

Answer 52

formation of a blood clot within a deep vein predominantly in the legs

Question 53

CVA (stroke)

Answer 53

disruption of normal blood supply to the brain

Question 54

hemorrhagic

Answer 54

blood vessel breaks and bleeding occurs

Question 55

embolic

Answer 55

dislodged clot that travels to arteries

Question 56

thrombotic

Answer 56

blood clot in an artery heading to the brain

Question 57

raynaud’s disease

Answer 57

excessive blood flow in response to cold or stress

Question 58

varicose veins

Answer 58

veins that become enlarges and twisted, commonly in legs

Question 59

vldl

Answer 59

lipoproteins that enable fats and cholesterol to move within bloodstream

Question 60

ldl

Answer 60

bad cholesterol that drive atherosclerosis

Question 61

hdl

Answer 61

good cholesterol that removes fat from walls of arteries

Question 62

cardiac stress test

Answer 62

is a cardiological test that measures a hearts ability to respond to external stress