cardiovascular 1

Question 1

what is coronary atherosclerosis?

Answer 1

abnormal lipid (fat) deposits along the walls of the blood vessels

Question 2

why is coronary atherosclerosis bad?

Answer 2

it restricts blood flow to the myocardium

Question 3

what is the leading cause of death for people living in the united states?

Answer 3

cardiovascular disease

Question 4

what are some manifestations of atherosclerosis?

Answer 4

angina pectoris, epigastric radiating pain, sob, myocardial infarction, death

Question 5

what are some risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Answer 5

smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, comorbidities, other chronic health conditions, lipid levels

Question 6

how are you going to remember which cholesterol is the good cholesterol?

Answer 6

HDL is good because h comes after g(good) in the alphabet

Question 7

what are some things we can do to prevent coronary artery disease?

Answer 7

STOP SMOKING, exercise 150min/wk, cessation of sedentary lifestyle, diet, manage other conditions

Question 8

what is a stent?

Answer 8

when a stent is placed in the vessel to dilate it so that the person can achieve proper cardiac flow

Question 9

what is angina pectoris?

Answer 9

pain located in the anterior chest which is caused by inadequate cardiac blood flow

Question 10

what are the types of angina?

Answer 10

stable and unstable

Question 11

what are the manifestations of angina pectoris?

Answer 11

tightness, fullness, pain that may radiate

Question 12

what is the difference between stable and unstable angina?

Answer 12

stable(pain with activity), unstable(pain at rest)

Question 13

what are some meds for angina?

Answer 13

nitroglycerin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers

Question 14

what are some health things we can do to aid cardiac health?

Answer 14

low na+ diet, physical activity uptake, disease prevention and control

Question 15

what is valvular regurgitation?

Answer 15

when the valves aren’t working properly, so blood back flows

Question 16

what is valvular stenosis?

Answer 16

when the valve doesn’t allow for propper blood flow bc it is damaged and doesnt open properly

Question 17

for our patients with valvcular disorders, what is our assessment going to look like?

Answer 17

vs, heart sounds, peripheral pulses

Question 18

what are some complications when it comes to valvular disorders?

Answer 18

heart failure and arrythmias

Question 19

how can we monitor for complications due to valvular disorders?

Answer 19

pt may complain of dizziness, syncope, and angina pectoris

Question 20

when thinking about weight gain, when should the pt notify the team?

Answer 20

when there is a 3 pound gain in 1 day or 5 pounds in 1 week

Question 21

when it comes to our patients who have valve replacements, what should we teach them in regards to their anticoagulant therapy?

Answer 21

they will be on lifelong therapy of anticoagulants

Question 22

for baloon valvoplasty, which should be our interventions?

Answer 22

we need to listen to heart sounds and make sure that there are no clots forming

Question 23

will the patient need prophylactic antibiotics?

Answer 23

yes they will need them intraoperatively

Question 24

what is left sided heart failure?

Answer 24

when the left ventricular side of the heart is not having adequate cardiac output (think about the lungs, Left Lungs), it also affects systemic circulation

Question 25

what does right sided heart failure cause more of?

Answer 25

peripheral edema

Question 26

what are going to be some of the s/s when thinking about heart failure (left and right sided)?

Answer 26

SOB, weakness, fatigue, edema

Question 27

what are going to be some of the things we can teach our patient about their heart failure?

Answer 27

good oxygenation, modifying their risk factors

Question 28

s/s of left sided heart failure include:

Answer 28

JVD, sob, hypotension, tachypnea

Question 29

s/s of right sided heart failure include:

Answer 29

JVD, sob, peripheral edema

Question 30

what is important when it comes to the RN role in gathering information with the HF patient?

Answer 30

assessing their ADL's, getting info about their previous exacerbations, teaching about medication adherence

Question 31

what is the one blood test associated with heart failure?

Answer 31

BNP (b type natureitic peptide)

Question 32

what are the purposes of cardiac catheretization?

Answer 32

diagnosis and repairment

Question 33

what does cardiomyopothy do for a patient?

Answer 33

it increases their depression (independence), financial burden, death, increase of myocardial infarction

Question 34

for pts who have a defibulator for their cardiomyopathy, what should we be asking?

Answer 34

questions about its effectiveness, episodes of their syncope, etc

Question 35

what is innefective endocarditis?

Answer 35

an infeciton of the endocardium

Question 36

how do our patients contract innefective endocarditis?

Answer 36

usually because they already have some sort of cardiac device or surgery on their valves, or they are an IV drug user

Question 37

what are s/s of innefective endocarditis?

Answer 37

flu like symptoms, positive cultures, splintered hemmorhages

Question 38

what is a splintered hemmorage?

Answer 38

red streaks under the nail bed

Question 39

for kids, what happens if we dont treat their strep?

Answer 39

it can lead to rhumatic endocarditis

Question 40

what is pericarditis?

Answer 40

when the sac around the heart becomes inflammed

Question 41

can we treat pericarditis in outpatient?

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

what will our pt with pericarditis present with?

Answer 42

chest pain, fricition rub, chest palpatations

Question 43

what is a classic symptom of pericarditis?

Answer 43

chest pain laying supine, but gets better when sitting upright

Question 44

what should we teach the patient with pericarditis as it pretains to exercise and movemen?

Answer 44

no heavy movement for 3 months

Question 45

should females use an IUD with infectious heart diseases?

Answer 45

no

Question 46

what is cardiac tymponade?

Answer 46

a complication of infectious heart disease that means fluid accumulates in the pericardium and this ic causing pressure on the heart

Question 47

what is the RN primary intervention for cardiac tymponade?

Answer 47

call the provider

Question 48

how is the fluid in the pericardium treated?

Answer 48

with a pericardialcentisis

Question 49

what is metabolic syndrome?

Answer 49

a group of metabolic disorders (htn, dmt2, obesity) that increse the chances of people having cardiac disorders

Question 50

what are some herbal supplements that itnerfere with aspirin?

Answer 50

ginko, garlic, ginger (these can lead to bleeding)