cardiovascular 1 Flashcards
what is coronary atherosclerosis?
abnormal lipid (fat) deposits along the walls of the blood vessels
why is coronary atherosclerosis bad?
it restricts blood flow to the myocardium
what is the leading cause of death for people living in the united states?
cardiovascular disease
what are some manifestations of atherosclerosis?
angina pectoris, epigastric radiating pain, sob, myocardial infarction, death
what are some risk factors for atherosclerosis?
smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, comorbidities, other chronic health conditions, lipid levels
how are you going to remember which cholesterol is the good cholesterol?
HDL is good because h comes after g(good) in the alphabet
what are some things we can do to prevent coronary artery disease?
STOP SMOKING, exercise 150min/wk, cessation of sedentary lifestyle, diet, manage other conditions
what is a stent?
when a stent is placed in the vessel to dilate it so that the person can achieve proper cardiac flow
what is angina pectoris?
pain located in the anterior chest which is caused by inadequate cardiac blood flow
what are the types of angina?
stable and unstable
what are the manifestations of angina pectoris?
tightness, fullness, pain that may radiate
what is the difference between stable and unstable angina?
stable(pain with activity), unstable(pain at rest)
what are some meds for angina?
nitroglycerin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers
what are some health things we can do to aid cardiac health?
low na+ diet, physical activity uptake, disease prevention and control
what is valvular regurgitation?
when the valves aren’t working properly, so blood back flows
what is valvular stenosis?
when the valve doesn’t allow for propper blood flow bc it is damaged and doesnt open properly
for our patients with valvcular disorders, what is our assessment going to look like?
vs, heart sounds, peripheral pulses
what are some complications when it comes to valvular disorders?
heart failure and arrythmias
how can we monitor for complications due to valvular disorders?
pt may complain of dizziness, syncope, and angina pectoris
when thinking about weight gain, when should the pt notify the team?
when there is a 3 pound gain in 1 day or 5 pounds in 1 week
when it comes to our patients who have valve replacements, what should we teach them in regards to their anticoagulant therapy?
they will be on lifelong therapy of anticoagulants
for baloon valvoplasty, which should be our interventions?
we need to listen to heart sounds and make sure that there are no clots forming
will the patient need prophylactic antibiotics?
yes they will need them intraoperatively
what is left sided heart failure?
when the left ventricular side of the heart is not having adequate cardiac output (think about the lungs, Left Lungs), it also affects systemic circulation
what does right sided heart failure cause more of?
peripheral edema
what are going to be some of the s/s when thinking about heart failure (left and right sided)?
SOB, weakness, fatigue, edema
what are going to be some of the things we can teach our patient about their heart failure?
good oxygenation, modifying their risk factors
s/s of left sided heart failure include:
JVD, sob, hypotension, tachypnea
s/s of right sided heart failure include:
JVD, sob, peripheral edema
what is important when it comes to the RN role in gathering information with the HF patient?
assessing their ADL’s, getting info about their previous exacerbations, teaching about medication adherence
what is the one blood test associated with heart failure?
BNP (b type natureitic peptide)
what are the purposes of cardiac catheretization?
diagnosis and repairment
what does cardiomyopothy do for a patient?
it increases their depression (independence), financial burden, death, increase of myocardial infarction
for pts who have a defibulator for their cardiomyopathy, what should we be asking?
questions about its effectiveness, episodes of their syncope, etc
what is innefective endocarditis?
an infeciton of the endocardium
how do our patients contract innefective endocarditis?
usually because they already have some sort of cardiac device or surgery on their valves, or they are an IV drug user
what are s/s of innefective endocarditis?
flu like symptoms, positive cultures, splintered hemmorhages
what is a splintered hemmorage?
red streaks under the nail bed
for kids, what happens if we dont treat their strep?
it can lead to rhumatic endocarditis
what is pericarditis?
when the sac around the heart becomes inflammed
can we treat pericarditis in outpatient?
yes
what will our pt with pericarditis present with?
chest pain, fricition rub, chest palpatations
what is a classic symptom of pericarditis?
chest pain laying supine, but gets better when sitting upright
what should we teach the patient with pericarditis as it pretains to exercise and movemen?
no heavy movement for 3 months
should females use an IUD with infectious heart diseases?
no
what is cardiac tymponade?
a complication of infectious heart disease that means fluid accumulates in the pericardium and this ic causing pressure on the heart
what is the RN primary intervention for cardiac tymponade?
call the provider
how is the fluid in the pericardium treated?
with a pericardialcentisis
what is metabolic syndrome?
a group of metabolic disorders (htn, dmt2, obesity) that increse the chances of people having cardiac disorders
what are some herbal supplements that itnerfere with aspirin?
ginko, garlic, ginger (these can lead to bleeding)
