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adult health 1 > cardiovascular 1 > Flashcards

cardiovascular 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is coronary atherosclerosis?

A

abnormal lipid (fat) deposits along the walls of the blood vessels

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2
Q

why is coronary atherosclerosis bad?

A

it restricts blood flow to the myocardium

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3
Q

what is the leading cause of death for people living in the united states?

A

cardiovascular disease

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4
Q

what are some manifestations of atherosclerosis?

A

angina pectoris, epigastric radiating pain, sob, myocardial infarction, death

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5
Q

what are some risk factors for atherosclerosis?

A

smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, comorbidities, other chronic health conditions, lipid levels

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6
Q

how are you going to remember which cholesterol is the good cholesterol?

A

HDL is good because h comes after g(good) in the alphabet

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7
Q

what are some things we can do to prevent coronary artery disease?

A

STOP SMOKING, exercise 150min/wk, cessation of sedentary lifestyle, diet, manage other conditions

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8
Q

what is a stent?

A

when a stent is placed in the vessel to dilate it so that the person can achieve proper cardiac flow

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9
Q

what is angina pectoris?

A

pain located in the anterior chest which is caused by inadequate cardiac blood flow

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10
Q

what are the types of angina?

A

stable and unstable

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11
Q

what are the manifestations of angina pectoris?

A

tightness, fullness, pain that may radiate

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12
Q

what is the difference between stable and unstable angina?

A

stable(pain with activity), unstable(pain at rest)

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13
Q

what are some meds for angina?

A

nitroglycerin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers

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14
Q

what are some health things we can do to aid cardiac health?

A

low na+ diet, physical activity uptake, disease prevention and control

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15
Q

what is valvular regurgitation?

A

when the valves aren’t working properly, so blood back flows

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16
Q

what is valvular stenosis?

A

when the valve doesn’t allow for propper blood flow bc it is damaged and doesnt open properly

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17
Q

for our patients with valvcular disorders, what is our assessment going to look like?

A

vs, heart sounds, peripheral pulses

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18
Q

what are some complications when it comes to valvular disorders?

A

heart failure and arrythmias

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19
Q

how can we monitor for complications due to valvular disorders?

A

pt may complain of dizziness, syncope, and angina pectoris

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20
Q

when thinking about weight gain, when should the pt notify the team?

A

when there is a 3 pound gain in 1 day or 5 pounds in 1 week

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21
Q

when it comes to our patients who have valve replacements, what should we teach them in regards to their anticoagulant therapy?

A

they will be on lifelong therapy of anticoagulants

22
Q

for baloon valvoplasty, which should be our interventions?

A

we need to listen to heart sounds and make sure that there are no clots forming

23
Q

will the patient need prophylactic antibiotics?

A

yes they will need them intraoperatively

24
Q

what is left sided heart failure?

A

when the left ventricular side of the heart is not having adequate cardiac output (think about the lungs, Left Lungs), it also affects systemic circulation

25
Q

what does right sided heart failure cause more of?

A

peripheral edema

26
Q

what are going to be some of the s/s when thinking about heart failure (left and right sided)?

A

SOB, weakness, fatigue, edema

27
Q

what are going to be some of the things we can teach our patient about their heart failure?

A

good oxygenation, modifying their risk factors

28
Q

s/s of left sided heart failure include:

A

JVD, sob, hypotension, tachypnea

29
Q

s/s of right sided heart failure include:

A

JVD, sob, peripheral edema

30
Q

what is important when it comes to the RN role in gathering information with the HF patient?

A

assessing their ADL’s, getting info about their previous exacerbations, teaching about medication adherence

31
Q

what is the one blood test associated with heart failure?

A

BNP (b type natureitic peptide)

32
Q

what are the purposes of cardiac catheretization?

A

diagnosis and repairment

33
Q

what does cardiomyopothy do for a patient?

A

it increases their depression (independence), financial burden, death, increase of myocardial infarction

34
Q

for pts who have a defibulator for their cardiomyopathy, what should we be asking?

A

questions about its effectiveness, episodes of their syncope, etc

35
Q

what is innefective endocarditis?

A

an infeciton of the endocardium

36
Q

how do our patients contract innefective endocarditis?

A

usually because they already have some sort of cardiac device or surgery on their valves, or they are an IV drug user

37
Q

what are s/s of innefective endocarditis?

A

flu like symptoms, positive cultures, splintered hemmorhages

38
Q

what is a splintered hemmorage?

A

red streaks under the nail bed

39
Q

for kids, what happens if we dont treat their strep?

A

it can lead to rhumatic endocarditis

40
Q

what is pericarditis?

A

when the sac around the heart becomes inflammed

41
Q

can we treat pericarditis in outpatient?

A

yes

42
Q

what will our pt with pericarditis present with?

A

chest pain, fricition rub, chest palpatations

43
Q

what is a classic symptom of pericarditis?

A

chest pain laying supine, but gets better when sitting upright

44
Q

what should we teach the patient with pericarditis as it pretains to exercise and movemen?

A

no heavy movement for 3 months

45
Q

should females use an IUD with infectious heart diseases?

A

no

46
Q

what is cardiac tymponade?

A

a complication of infectious heart disease that means fluid accumulates in the pericardium and this ic causing pressure on the heart

47
Q

what is the RN primary intervention for cardiac tymponade?

A

call the provider

48
Q

how is the fluid in the pericardium treated?

A

with a pericardialcentisis

49
Q

what is metabolic syndrome?

A

a group of metabolic disorders (htn, dmt2, obesity) that increse the chances of people having cardiac disorders

50
Q

what are some herbal supplements that itnerfere with aspirin?

A

ginko, garlic, ginger (these can lead to bleeding)

adult health 1 (6 decks)

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