Cardiovascular 1

Question 1

layers of the heart

Answer 1

endocardium - inner layer; myocardium - muscle; pericardium - outside; pericardial sac - fluid

Question 2

cardiac output

Answer 2

amount of blood ejected by ventricles in 1 minute; influenced by heart rate and contractility ; stroke volume x heart rate

Question 3

preload

Answer 3

amount of blood returning to the atrium (venous return) ; volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole (amount of Stretch)

Question 4

venus return

Answer 4

stretching of ventricles to fill with blood; venus return determines preload

Question 5

starlings law

Answer 5

the more of stretch time more forceful contraction

Question 6

afterload

Answer 6

how much work is required for blood to circulate (amount of resistance) heart needs to pump blood to the rest of the body; reflects the end-systolic volume affected by the amount of resistance the ventricles have to contract against (amount of Force to overcome)

Question 7

sympathetic effect on heart

Answer 7

increase heart rate; stimulated when body needs blood (stress)

Question 8

parasympathetic effect on heart

Answer 8

decrease heart rate; can stimulate vagus nerve

Question 9

base and apex of heart

Answer 9

apex <3 base

Question 10

apical pulse

Answer 10

5th intercostal space

Question 11

pulmonary vein carries

Answer 11

rich oxygen blood

Question 12

septum

Answer 12

separates the left and right ventricles; congenital defeats can affect septum and cause shunting

Question 13

number one leading cause of death

Answer 13

heart disease

Question 14

tricuspid value in

Answer 14

right atrium

Question 15

left ventricle has

Answer 15

large muscle mass because it pumps to whole body

Question 16

right ventricle has

Answer 16

pulmonary value - lungs

Question 17

APETM

Answer 17

arotic, pulmontic, erpoint, tricuspid, mytrol value

Question 18

right coronary artery

Answer 18

helps feed right atrium and right ventricle; also helps feed SA node

Question 19

branches of aorta on left side

Answer 19

has 2 vessels 1. coronary artery 2. anterior descending (feeds back portion of heart, circumflex)

Question 20

inspect

Answer 20

first!; skin color, masses, breathing rate

Question 21

palpate

Answer 21

feel over heart and sternum; PMI

Question 22

PMI

Answer 22

point of maximum intensity; 5th intercostal midline of apex; apical pulse; if moves to left then ventricle is enlarged

Question 23

ausulatate

Answer 23

aortic area at 2nd intercostal space right at sternum (listen to diagram then go back with bell); pulmonic - 2nd left of sternum (listen to diagram then go back w/ bell); erbs point - 3rd intercostal; tricuspid - 4th left sternum border; mitral - 5th mid clavicle

Question 24

systolic

Answer 24

contraction phase s1, lub, closing of atrial and tricuspid values

Question 25

diastolic

Answer 25

resting phase, s2, dub, as ventricles contract close of aorta and pulmonary values

Question 26

s3 and s4

Answer 26

extra heart sounds

Question 27

s1 louder at

Answer 27

apex; closing of mitral and tricuspid values

Question 28

s2 loudest at

Answer 28

apex, aoritc,pulmonic close to prevent back flow of blood

Question 29

hear expiration but not inspiration

Answer 29

s2

Question 30

will have a split sound of time between closing of vaules

Answer 30

s1

Question 31

contractility -

Answer 31

force of contraction

Question 32

Heart rate ∆s with

Answer 32

temp, pain, exercise