Abdominal Assesment Flashcards
Accessory organs that aid digestion
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Additional organs
spleen, urinary tract, reproductive, vascular
Peritoneum—
serous membrane to cover organs; prevents organs from sticking to the skin; synovial fluid in space
every system found in abdominial except
respiratory
parietal /viserial- covers
parietal covers cavity/ visceral covers organs
3 types of cells in the stomach
parietal, mucus and chief cells
parietal cells
secrete acid that helps digestion
mucus cells
line the stomach so acid in the stomach doesn’t erode the stomach wall
chief cells
source of enzyme to convert to pepsin
liver
metabolizing preteins, responsible for synthesizing vitamin k, produces clotting factors
stomach
acid turns food into churn
small intestine
small digestion
appendix
no function, problem bacteria grows in it
pancreas
regulates blood sugar
spleen
stores red blood cells
anatomical mapping
four quadrant method, nine regions of the abdomen
clay colored stool means
jaundice from gallbladder or liver
abdominal pain could mean
severe distress
pt w/ celiac disease are on
a gluten free diet
visceral pain
detention of intestine, or stretching of organ (local)
paritial pain
inflammation of parietal periteumen; severe, localized, aggravated by movement
acute abdominal pain
attain acute vitals, focused and quickly, like an emergency
RLQ
appendix
RUQ
gallbladder
LUQ
pancreatitis
LLQ
diverticulitits, ulcerative colitis
pain
burning, knifelike, cramping, aching, radiation
nausea
pregnancy, infection, diet
where pain is at can help figure out
which organ it is in
indigestion
(dyspepsia) Ulcer, Acute MI, GERD
vomiting
Coffee ground (old blood); Bright red (fresh bleed); Greenish-yellow bile like (normal); Food particles; Force (projectile vomiting)
vomiting conditions
food poison, pregnancy, bleeding, appendix
problem with C. Diff
antibiotics kill off all normal flora and end up with c diff suprainfections
vomiting bright red
(fresh blood); increase pressure with cirrhosis; increase pressure in veins - rupture and can cause bright red blood in vomit emergency situation
diarrhea
Onset—sudden, explosive, gradual; Characteristics—watery, fatty, undigested food; note often, and worry about dehydration; don’t want to stop it until it can be tested
bright red diarrhea
lower GI bleed
Black, tarry diarrhea
upper GI bleed
clay colored diarrhea
bile obstruction
constipation
Diet- high fatty preventing adequate water; Fluid/fiber; Activity - system slows down when not moving
dysuria
(painful urination) Pain/burning; Stream - in male pt with prostate problems; Color (blood, pus/cloudy, dark yellow/orange)
worry about constipation w/in
48 hours of eating; worry about in hospital because all symptoms begin to slow down
blood in urine
kidney stone
obstruction
worried about with surgical and immobile patients
proximal obstruction
Acute onset- small intestine/ higher obstruction, can’t by pass; Marked vomiting; Distention usually minimal
distal obstruction
Onset gradual; Less marked vomiting; Marked distention
obstruction in surgical patients
paralytic illeus/ puresdo obstruction; immobile and receiving pain meds; bowel sounds become absent so patient becomes NPO; loss of parastylosis (immobility and pain meds)
