Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards
Space between lungs that contains internal organs of the chest except lungs
mediastinum
3 types of muscle
cardiac, skeletal, smooth
What are intercalated discs?
hold muscle cells together during contraction, create electrical connection between cells for heart to contract as a whole unit
typical resting HR
70-80 BPM
Location of Sinoatrial (SA) Node
right atrium
Function of Sinoatrial (SA) Node
“pacemaker”, initiates electrical impulses that determine HR
Pathways of signal from Sinoatrial (SA) Node to Atrioventricular (AV) Node
internodal pathways
Function of Atrioventricular (AV) Node
receives heartbeat impulses from SA Node and directs them to the ventricle walls
Which side of the heart is referred to as the pulmonic side?
right - because it receives deoxygenated blood and pumps to lungs
Which side of the heart is referred to as the systemic side?
left - because it receives oxygenated blood from body
What is stroke volume?
amount of blood pumped out with each contraction
SV = __ - __
ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) - end-systolic volume (ESV)
What is end-diastolic volume (EDV)?
filled volume of the ventricle before contraction
What is end-systolic volume (ESV)?
residual volume of blood remaining in ventricle after ejection
Typical EDV?
120mL
Typical ESV?
50mL
Typical stroke volume (SV)?
70mL
Cardiac Output (Q) =
HR x SV
What is Cardiac Output (Q)?
amount of blood pumped through the heart in 1 min (mL blood/minute)
NASM recommended area to check HR
radial pulse
How to calculate a client’s HR
Finger on radial pulse, count beats for 6 seconds, add a 0 to that number
Function of RBCs
carry oxygen from lungs –> body
Function of WBCs
fight infection
Function of platelets
assist in clotting
Average adult amount of blood in body
4-6 L
Blood transports;
heat throughout body, oxygen and nutrients, waste products from tissues, hormones to organs and tissues
Blood regulates;
body temperature and acid balance
Blood protects;
excessive bleeding by platelets clotting, specialized immune cells to fight disease
Blood flow through heart:
Superior vena cava –> right atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary valve –> right/left pulmonary arteries –> lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> mitral valve –> left ventricle –> aortic valve –> aortic arch –> brachiocephalic trunk/left common carotid artery/left subclavian artery
Blood pressure (BP) =
systolic pressure / diastolic pressure
Two groups of respiratory passages
- conducting airways
2. respiratory airways
Function of conducting airway passage
contains all structures that air travels through before entering the respiratory airways. Purify, humidify, and warm or cool air to match body temp
Function of respiratory airway passage
collect the channeled air coming from conducting airways, allow gases to be transferred in/out of bloodstream
What is resting oxygen consumption (Vo2) ?
use of oxygen by the body at rest
Fick Equation formula
Cardiac Output (Q) x arterial-venous difference
What is the Fick formula?
formula for oxygen consumption
What is the best way to measure cardiorespiratory fitness?
maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2 max) - highest rate of O2 transport and utilization during maximal exercise
Respiratory muscles used during times of stress and anxiety
secondary - scalenes, pectoralis minor
Respiratory muscles used during normal/resting breathing
primary - diaphragm, external intercostals
