Cardiorespiratory system Flashcards
What are the pathways of air?
Inhale through the nasal cavity- trachea- bronchi- bronchioles- alveoli- exhale through the mouth
Explain gaseous exchange
Oxygen in the alveoli that is at a higher concentration diffuses to the blood capillaries where the concentration is lower. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream at a high concentration diffuses into the alveoli with a lower concentration of carbon dioxide.
Name 3 blood vessels and 3 features
Arteries- away from the heart to muscles, oxygenated, strong elasticated walls
Veins- towards the heart, valves, deoxygenated blood
Capillaries- deep into the muscles and organs to supply them with nutrients, thin walls for gaseous exchange
Name 4 heart blood vessels and if they are oxygenated or deoxygenated.
Vena cava- deoxygenated
Pulmonary artery- deoxygenated
Pulmonary vein- oxygenated
Aorta- oxygenated
The equation for cardiac output
stroke volume x heart rate = cardiac output
What’s stroke volume?
The volume of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat
Define heart rate
The number of times your heart beats every minute
Name 5 features that assist gaseous exchange
- Large surface area
- Thin membrane
- Short diffusion pathway
- Layer of moisture
- Rich blood supply
What happens when you inhale
Intercostal muscles contract, expanding the ribcage. The diaphragm contracts pulling downwards, therefore, pressure decreases and the air is drawn into the lungs.
What happens when you exhale
Intercostal muscles relax allowing the ribcage to drop inwards and downwards. The diaphragm relaxes and moves up, so there is an increase in pressure and air is forced out.
Define tidal volume
Breathing in and out during normal breath.
Define expiratory reserve volume
The additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal tidal volume.
Define inspiratory reserve volume
The additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal tidal volume.
Define residual volume
The air that remains in the lungs after expiratory reserve volume.
Define haemoglobin
A protein found in the red blood cells that transports oxygen in the blood throughout the body.
