Cardiorespiratory Fitness Flashcards
As a PT, is a preparticipation screen prior to exercise necessary?
yes
What are modifiable CVD risk factors?
- physical inactivity
- hypertension
- high cholesterol
- diabetes
- smoking
- obesity/overweight
WE CAN INFLUENCE THESE!
What are emerging CVD risk factors?
- nutrition
- alcohol
- stress
What are major CVD risk factors?
- age
- male gender
- family history
- race (non-white)
An increased cardiorespiratory fitness level, ____________ CVD risk.
decreases
What are heart attack symptoms in men?
- nausea or vomiting
- jaw, neck or back pain
- squeezing chest pressure or pain
- shortness of breath
What are heart attack symptoms in women?
- nausea or vomiting
- jaw, neck or upper back pain
- chest pain (BUT NOT ALWAYS)
- pain or pressure in LOWER CHEST or UPPER ABDOMEN
- shortness of breath
- fainting
- indigestion
- extreme fatigue
What is the acronym for a stroke?
B alance difficulties
E yesight changes
F acial weakness
A rm weakness
S peech difficulties
T ime
What energy systems are used during anaerobic exercise?
ATP-PC & anaerobic glycolysis
How long is anaerobic exercise?
30 to 90 seconds
QUICK AND FAST!
What energy systems are used during aerobic exercise?
oxidative
How long is aerobic exercise?
> 2 minutes
LONG AND SLOW(ER)!
Maximal Aerobic Capacity (VO2max or aerobic endurance)
maximum amount of O2 that can be taken in and utilized during exercise
Lactate (anaerobic) threshold
%VO2max in which blood lactate levels begin to rise
In trained individuals, what percent of HRmax is their lactate threshold?
85-90%
Maximal Lactate Steady State
lactate production = lactate clearance
What is the best indicator of aerobic performance?
maximal lactate steady state
What are contraindications to exercise?
- resting HR > 100 or < 50 bpm
- resting SBP > 200 or < 90 mmHg
- resting DBP > 110 mmHg
- oxygen saturation < 90%
- shortness of breath, angina, severe headache, sudden onset of numbness or weakness, painful calf (DVT)
What are signs that you should STOP exercise immediately>
- angina
- drop in SBP below baseline
- signs of poor perfusion: light headedness, confusion, ataxia, pallor, cyanosis, nausea, cold/clammy skin
- failure of HR to rise as intensity of exercise increases
- change in heart rhythm
What increases the risk of cardiac event?
- age
- exercise intensity
- CVD
- exertional symptoms
- decreased fitness
How can you reduce cardiac events?
- teach patients sign/symptoms
- screen prior to participation
- have a plan in place (AED)
START LOW & GO SLOW!
What is the criteria for a true VO2max?
- plateau in VO2 despite increased work rate
- RER > 1.15
- within 10 bpm of age-predicted HR
- RPE > 17 (on 6 to 20 scale)
What is considered a peak VO2max?
when an individual gives it all they got, but they didn’t meet any of the criteria for a true VO2max
What is the goal for a submaximal test?
determine HR response to submaximal work rates & predict VO2max
What are examples of cardiorespiratory fitness tests?
- 6 minute walk test
- bruce treadmill exercise test
- YMCA step test
To see gains in aerobic endurance, healthy individuals must train at __________ % HRmax.
greater than or equal to 70%
To see gains in aerobic endurance, deconditioned individuals should train at ____________% HRmax.
greater than or equal to 40%
equation to determine age-predicted HRmax
211 - 0.64(age)
equation to determine heart rate reserve (HRR)
HRmax - HRrest
equation to determine target HR (karvonean method)
= (HRR x % intensity) + HRrest
In cardiorespiratory fitness, moderate intensity is considered ______ to ____% HRR.
40 to 59
In cardiorespiratory fitness, vigorous intensity is considered _______ to _____ % HRR.
60 to 89
Calculate target HR.
50 yo
HRrest = 60
exercise intensity = 60 - 70%
131 bpm - 143 bpm
When progressing cardiorespiratory exercise, what should you refrain from doing?
increasing all three variables (frequency, intensity, time) all at once
SAFER to increase at one time!
For non-athletes, aim for _______ minutes a week, but if not what should we aim for?
150 minutes
BUT settle for ANY amount of aerobic training!
How can we promote aerobic activity within the clinic?
- limit idle time
- increase # of reps
- decrease rest periods
FACILITATE BEHAVIORAL CHANGE - set goals & monitor progress
How can we promote aerobic activity outside the clinic?
- connect patient w/other programs or providers
- provide a HEP
- encourage a follow up
Is exercise testing necessary in children?
no
unless there is a health concern
What is a special consideration when working w/children?
heat-related injury
