Balance

Question 1

What are the sensory components to balance?

Answer 1

somatosensory, visual & vestibular

Question 2

What are the motor components of balance?

Answer 2

muscle synergies

Question 3

What are other components of balance?

Answer 3

cognition, attention, environment, confidence & fear

Question 4

Postural control

Answer 4

AKA Balance

ability to achieve, maintain, & restore stability for different postures and movements

Question 5

What is postural control dependent on?

Answer 5

task, individual, & environment

Question 6

If the patient is at risk for a fall, what equipment should we utilize?

Answer 6

gait belt

Question 7

When assessing and evaluating balance, what does our position need to be in relation to the patient?

Answer 7

posterior and to the side w/one hand at pelvis or belt

Question 8

Where should we perform balance training?

Answer 8

near a support surface

Question 9

If you feel uncomfortable performing a balance exercise with a patient, what should you do?

Answer 9

• ask another person to assist
• change the exercise

Question 10

When choosing a balance test, what should you consider?

Answer 10

• patient
• available resources
• available evidence

Question 11

What are common balance assessments?

Answer 11

• SLS
• modified clinical test of sensory interest on balance (mCTSIB)
• mini-BESTest
• ABC

Question 12

What is considered a “good” range for a SLS test?

Answer 12

10 to 45 seconds

Question 13

As an individual gets older, what is expected in their stance time?

Answer 13

decrease in stance time

Question 14

Describe the four conditions of the mCTSIB.

Answer 14

condition 1: eyes open, stable surface
condition 2: eyes closed, stable surface
condition 3: eyes open, unstable surface
condition 4: eyes closed, unstable surface

Question 15

What are the cons of using the SLS test?

Answer 15

• the test is measured in time, however we are probably more concerned with the quality of the movement
• affected by injury

Question 16

What system is being tested during condition 1?

Answer 16

all systems (somatosensory, visual, vestibular)

Question 17

What system is being tested during condition 2?

Answer 17

visual

Question 18

What system is being tested during condition 3?

Answer 18

somatosensory

Question 19

What system is being tested during condition 4?

Answer 19

vestibular

Question 20

What is the mCTSIB designed for?

Answer 20

to differentiate between impairments of visual, vestibular, and/or somatosensory systems

Question 21

On the mCTSIB, what score indicates impairment?

Answer 21

less than 30 seconds

Question 22

What are the four balance domains of the mini-BESTest?

Answer 22

1. anticipatory
2. reactive
3. sensory orientation
4. dynamic gait

Question 23

What are the tasks included in the anticipatory domain?

Answer 23

• sit to stand
• rise to toes
• SLS

Question 24

What is the task in the reactive domain?

Answer 24

compensatory step strategy
- forward
- backward
- lateral

Question 25

What are the tasks included in the sensory orientation domain?

Answer 25

- feet together, eyes open, solid surface - feet together, eyes closed, unstable surface - incline, eyes closed

Question 26

What are tasks included in the dynamic gait domain?

Answer 26

- change in gait speed - walk w/head turns - walk w/pivot turns - step over obstacles - TUG with & w/o dual task

Question 27

ABC

Answer 27

questionnaire regarding an individuals confidence w/balance in different activities

Question 28

Never forget to measure the _______________ aspects of balance or injury.

Answer 28

psychosocial

Question 29

What is the frequency of balance training?

Answer 29

2 to 5x a week

Question 30

What should the intensity be for balance training?

Answer 30

difficult to measure

Question 31

What is the type of balance training?

Answer 31

balance + resistance + functional activities

Question 32

How much time should be set aside for balance training in a session?

Answer 32

15 to 30 mins

Question 33

What is the progression recommendation for balance training?

Answer 33

increase difficulty to target individual needs & goals

Question 34

What are the volume recommendations for balance training?

Answer 34

2 hours each week

Question 35

What interventions can be used to challenge static balance?

Answer 35

- change posture - change support surface - add another task (cognitive or motor)

Question 36

What interventions can be used to challenge dynamic balance?

Answer 36

- change to unstable support surface - movement of the head, arms, trunk, or legs - walking (backwards, to the side, w/eyes closed)

Question 37

What interventions can be used to challenge anticipatory balance?

Answer 37

- reaching, catching, kicking - lifting, navigation over/through obstacles

Question 38

What interventions can be used to challenge reactive balance?

Answer 38

perturbations

Question 39

What interventions can be used to challenge sensory organization balance?

Answer 39

reduce vision or somatosensory cues

Question 40

What interventions can be used to challenge balance during ADL's?

Answer 40

ADL's

Question 41

While there are many variables to consider when progressing a patient, what should be the main thing to consider?

Answer 41

end goal or functional activity/participation goal that the patient has