Cardiopulmonary Pathology

Question 1

Hypervolemia

Answer 1

Fluid overload, increased blood volume
Causes: excess intake of fluids, excess sodium, fluid retention
Signs: swelling in legs, ascites, fluid in lungs

Question 2

Hypovolemia

Answer 2

Decreased blood volume
Causes: bleeding, dehydration from vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, severe burns, diuretics
Signs: orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, elevated body temperature

Question 3

Cor pulmonale

Answer 3

Pulmonary heart disease
Hypertrophy of right ventricle
Progressive shortness of breath
Fatigue, palpitations, atypical chest pain, swelling, dizziness and syncope

Question 4

Bronchitis

Answer 4

Inflammation of bronchi
Increased mucus secretion 
insufficient oxygenation
Increased use of accessory muscles
Productive cough for 3 mo over 2 consecutive yr
SOB, wheezing, cyanosis, increased pulmonary artery pressure
Cough is worse in am and damp weather
Frequent respiratory infections

Question 5

COPD

Answer 5

A group of lung diseases blocking airflow due to narrowing of bronchial tree
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Increased TLC and RV
Excessive mucus, chronic productive cough, wheezing, SOB, fatigue, reduced exercise capacity

Question 6

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 6

Autosomal recessive
affects lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, sex organs
Thick sticky mucus, lung infections, obstructions to pancreas, inhibits normal digestion and absorption
Salty tasting skin, productive cough, lung infections, wheezing, SOB, poor growth/weight

Question 7

Emphysema

Answer 7

Alveolar walls are gradually destroyed
Higher RV value
SOB, wheezing, chronic cough, orthopnea, barrel chest, increased use of accessory muscles, increased RR, fatigue, reduced exercise capacity

Question 8

Pneumonia

Answer 8

Inflammation of the lungs due to infection

Fever, cough, SOB, sweating, shaking, chills, chest pain, HA, muscle pain, fatigue