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Medical and Psychosocial Conditions > Cardiopulmonary Disorders > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

CHF

A

Congestive Heart Failure

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2
Q

CAD

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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3
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarctions

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4
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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5
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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6
Q

LUNGS FACTS
LOBES HOW MANY ON WHAT SIDE?

A

Right side - 3 lobes
left side - 2 lobes

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7
Q

Epicardium

A

external surface of heart

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8
Q

chambers

A

2 atria and 2 ventricles

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9
Q

Atria

A

right and left
separated from the ventricles by the atrioventricular valves

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10
Q

artrioventricular valves

A

regulates the proper inflow and outflow of blood from each chamber during heart contractions

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11
Q

endocardium

A

inside of heart

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12
Q

pericardium

A

between sac and heart

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13
Q

coronary arteries

A

aorta, left coronary artery , right coronary artery

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14
Q

systole

A

contraction of heart

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15
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of heart

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16
Q

arteries

A

take blood away from heart

17
Q

veins

A

take blood too heart

18
Q

Tachycardia

A

heart is pumping too quickly

19
Q

bradycardia

A

heart beats too slow

20
Q

Symptoms of Bradycardia

A

-Bradycardia can cause dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, confusion.
- Be aware of pt’s heart rate when working with your clients. May need to check their pulse manually or by using pulse oximeter. Be aware of their signs and symptoms b/c may affect tolerance to therapy.

21
Q

Normal adult heart

A

beats 60-100 beats per minute

22
Q

Heart Disease - Cardiopulmonary Disease

A

ranked as major cause of morbidity and mortality in North America

23
Q

Ischemia Heart disease

A

major disorders of the myocardium due to insufficient blood supply

24
Q

Blockage of an artery can lead to

A

ischemia or infarct

25
Q

Diagnostic tests for cardiovascular function

A
  • electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • echo cardiograph
  • exercise stress test
  • chest x-ray / nuclear imaging / tomography
  • cardiac catheterization
  • angiography
  • doppler studies
  • blood tests to study cholesterol levels, blood counts, hemoglobin, etc.
26
Q

modifiable risk factors of cardiac disorders

A
  • obesity
  • cessation of cigarette smoking
  • regular exercise program to lower serum lipid levels and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL - good cholesterol)
  • presence of diabetes mellitus - serum lipid levels
  • poorly controlled hypertension
    -combination of oral contraceptives and smoking
27
Q

non- modifiable risk factors

A
  • age (risk increases)
  • gender (women generally experience heart attacks 10 years later than men)
  • family history of heart disease
  • ethnicity - higher in blacks , Native Americans
  • exposure to infectious agents

Medical and Psychosocial Conditions (4 decks)

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