Cardiopulmonary Disorders Flashcards
CHF
Congestive Heart Failure
CAD
Coronary Artery Disease
MI
myocardial infarctions
hypertension
high blood pressure
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
LUNGS FACTS
LOBES HOW MANY ON WHAT SIDE?
Right side - 3 lobes
left side - 2 lobes
Epicardium
external surface of heart
chambers
2 atria and 2 ventricles
Atria
right and left
separated from the ventricles by the atrioventricular valves
artrioventricular valves
regulates the proper inflow and outflow of blood from each chamber during heart contractions
endocardium
inside of heart
pericardium
between sac and heart
coronary arteries
aorta, left coronary artery , right coronary artery
systole
contraction of heart
diastole
relaxation of heart
arteries
take blood away from heart
veins
take blood too heart
Tachycardia
heart is pumping too quickly
bradycardia
heart beats too slow
Symptoms of Bradycardia
-Bradycardia can cause dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, confusion.
- Be aware of pt’s heart rate when working with your clients. May need to check their pulse manually or by using pulse oximeter. Be aware of their signs and symptoms b/c may affect tolerance to therapy.
Normal adult heart
beats 60-100 beats per minute
Heart Disease - Cardiopulmonary Disease
ranked as major cause of morbidity and mortality in North America
Ischemia Heart disease
major disorders of the myocardium due to insufficient blood supply
Blockage of an artery can lead to
ischemia or infarct
Diagnostic tests for cardiovascular function
- electrocardiogram (ECG)
- echo cardiograph
- exercise stress test
- chest x-ray / nuclear imaging / tomography
- cardiac catheterization
- angiography
- doppler studies
- blood tests to study cholesterol levels, blood counts, hemoglobin, etc.
modifiable risk factors of cardiac disorders
- obesity
- cessation of cigarette smoking
- regular exercise program to lower serum lipid levels and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL - good cholesterol)
- presence of diabetes mellitus - serum lipid levels
- poorly controlled hypertension
-combination of oral contraceptives and smoking
non- modifiable risk factors
- age (risk increases)
- gender (women generally experience heart attacks 10 years later than men)
- family history of heart disease
- ethnicity - higher in blacks , Native Americans
- exposure to infectious agents
