Cardiopulmo Flashcards
Cone-shaped structure; inverted pyramid shaped organ
Heart
the heart is located at the ______, a mass of tissue extending from the sternum to the vertebral column
mediastinum
_____ mass of the heart faces toward ______ body midline
2/3, left
location of base of heart
2nd - 3rd rib
location of apex of heart
5th rib
fibrous connective sac that protects the heart from trauma & infection
pericardium
OUTER covering of the heart; prevents over-stretching
fibrous pericardium
INNER covering of the heart; has 2 other layers
serous pericardium
more external inner layer that adheres tightly tot he fibrous pericardium
parietal serous pericardium
layer that hugs the actual heart
visceral serous pericardium
other term for visceral serous pericardium
epicardium
decreases the friction inside the heart and is found between the parietal serous pericardium and the epicardium
parietal fluid
normal value of parietal fluid
50 mL
is commonly found in pt’s (+) pericarditis; causes (+) pleural friction rub & pain
decreased PF
“Cardiac Tamponade”
increased PF
Surface of the heart that contains the Right atrium & Right ventricle
sternocostal / anterior
most anterior surface of the heart
right atrium
surface of the heart where the 2 atria resides
base of the heart
most posterior surface of the heart
left atrium
surface of the heart where the 2 ventricles can be found
apex of the heart
apex of the heart
left ventricle
atria are known as the ______ chambers
receiving
muscle that makes the anterior wall rough
pectinate muscle
remnant of foramen ovale
fossa ovalis
the open septum in the heart that normally closes p birth
foramen ovale
ventricles are known as the _______ chambers
pumping
cone shaped structure from trabecullum carnae where the chordae tendinae attaches
papillar muscles
tricuspid and bicuspid
atrioventricular valves
other term for AV valves
inlet valves
pulmonic and aortic valves
semilunar valves
other term for SL valves
outlet valves
pressure is ______ when deoxygenated blood travels through the R side of the heart to the lungs
decreased
pressure is ______ when oxygenated blood travels through the L side of the heart then back to the system
increased
The 2 arteries that does not originate from the arch of the aorta
R subclavian & R carotid
Artery of the descending aorta that is also known as the hypogastric aorta; supplies the pelvis, buttocks, and genitals
Internal common iliac artery
heart sound heart at start of ventricular systole/closure of AV valves
s1
heart sound heard at start of ventricular diastole / closure of SL valves
s2
Dx tool used to hear s3 and s4 sounds
phonocardiograph
heart sound that can be heard during rapid filling of ventricles
s3
other term for s3 heart sound
ventricular gallop
condition where s3 can be heard
congestive heart failure
heart sound that can be heard during atrial systole
s4
other term for s4 heart sound
atrial gallop
conditions where s4 can be heard
myocardial infarction & HTN
Sympathetic (ANS) _____ the contraction of the heart
increases
Parasympathetic (ANS) _____ the contraction of the heart
decreases
primary pacemaker of the heart; initiates depolarization
SA node
location of SA node
at RA
other term for SA node
sinus node
most common site for heart blocks
AV node
other term for AV node
junctional node
location of AV node
behind tricuspid valve
location of the Bundle of His
at interventricular septum
largest pacemaker of the heart
purkinje fibers
location of purkinje fibers
surrounds the 2 ventricles
responsible for the blood supply of the heart
coronary artery
chamber of the heart with major blood supply from the R coronary artery
RV
blood supply to the SA node
R coronary artery
chamber of the heart with major blood supply from the L coronary artery
LV
branch of the LCA supplying anterior wall and apical wall of the heart
L anterior descending artery
branch of the LCA supplying lateral and inferior wall of the heart
Circumflex artery
most commonly occluded d/t bigger size = more prone to deposition
LCA
phase of cardiac action potential where there is influx of sodium
phase 0
other term for phase 0 cardiac AP
depolarization
phase of cardiac action potential where there is :
- decreased influx of sodium
- efflux of potassium
phase 1
other term for phase 1 cardiac AP
initial repolarization
phase of cardiac action potential where there is:
- maintenance of depolarization
- influx of Calcium
phase 2
other term for phase 2 cardiac AP
plateau
phase of cardiac action potential where there is:
- decreased influx of Ca
- efflux of K
phase 3
other term for phase 3
repolarization
phase of cardiac action potential where the charge of the cell returns to RMP
Phase 4
other term for phase 4 cardiac AP
RMP
RMP charge for cardiac AP
-85 mV
pressure of pulmonary artery
8 mmHg
pressure of aorta
80 mmHg
pressure that the ventricles must go above
afterload pressure
normal value for pulse pressure
40 mmHg
amount of blood left after ventricular relaxation (diastole)
end diastolic volume
N value of EDV
120 mL
initial stretching of the heart
pre-load
amount of blood left after ventricular contraction (systole)
end systolic volume
N value of ESV
50 mL
amount of blood pumped by ventricles PER CONTRACTION
Stroke volume
formula for SV
EDV - ESV
N value for SV
70 mL
Amount of blood pumped by ventricles PER MINUTE
Cardiac Output
formular for CO
SV x HR
N value of CO (Snell)
4 - 6 L
average pressure of the large arteries in the body
Mean arterial pressure
Formula for MAP
DBP + (1/3 PP)
Formula for pulse pressure (PP)
SBP - DBP
ECG: atrial depolarization
P wave
other term for atrial depolarization
Atrial contraction
ECG: ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
other term for ventricular depolarization
ventricular contraction
ECG: ventricular repolarization
T wave
Other term for ventricular repolarization
ventricular relaxation
condition c (+) prolonged PR interval
heart block
condition c (+) wide, bizarre QRS complex
premature ventricular contraction
condition c (+) increased ST segment
Myocardial infarction
condition c (+) decreased ST segment
myocardial ischemia
Sign that is indicated by clutching chest
Levine sign
reason why referred pain goes to L arm during angina
ulnar nerve distribution
Type of angina that responds to rest & nitrates
stable angina
other term for stable angina (Sullivan)
predictable angina
effect of nitrates
vasodilation
type of angina that DOES NOT respond to rest & nitrates
unstable angina
other term for unstable angina
pre-infarction angina
duration of unstable angina
20 - 30 min
type of angina commonly seen in pt c CHF
nocturnal angina
angina caused by coronary artery spasm
prinzmetal angina
other term for prinzmetal angina (sullivan)
variant angina