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Let's Get This Bread > Cardiopulmo > Flashcards

Cardiopulmo Flashcards

1
Q

Cone-shaped structure; inverted pyramid shaped organ

A

Heart

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2
Q

the heart is located at the ______, a mass of tissue extending from the sternum to the vertebral column

A

mediastinum

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3
Q

_____ mass of the heart faces toward ______ body midline

A

2/3, left

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4
Q

location of base of heart

A

2nd - 3rd rib

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5
Q

location of apex of heart

A

5th rib

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6
Q

fibrous connective sac that protects the heart from trauma & infection

A

pericardium

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7
Q

OUTER covering of the heart; prevents over-stretching

A

fibrous pericardium

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8
Q

INNER covering of the heart; has 2 other layers

A

serous pericardium

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9
Q

more external inner layer that adheres tightly tot he fibrous pericardium

A

parietal serous pericardium

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10
Q

layer that hugs the actual heart

A

visceral serous pericardium

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11
Q

other term for visceral serous pericardium

A

epicardium

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12
Q

decreases the friction inside the heart and is found between the parietal serous pericardium and the epicardium

A

parietal fluid

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13
Q

normal value of parietal fluid

A

50 mL

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14
Q

is commonly found in pt’s (+) pericarditis; causes (+) pleural friction rub & pain

A

decreased PF

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15
Q

“Cardiac Tamponade”

A

increased PF

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16
Q

Surface of the heart that contains the Right atrium & Right ventricle

A

sternocostal / anterior

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17
Q

most anterior surface of the heart

A

right atrium

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18
Q

surface of the heart where the 2 atria resides

A

base of the heart

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19
Q

most posterior surface of the heart

A

left atrium

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20
Q

surface of the heart where the 2 ventricles can be found

A

apex of the heart

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21
Q

apex of the heart

A

left ventricle

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22
Q

atria are known as the ______ chambers

A

receiving

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23
Q

muscle that makes the anterior wall rough

A

pectinate muscle

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24
Q

remnant of foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

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25
Q

the open septum in the heart that normally closes p birth

A

foramen ovale

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26
Q

ventricles are known as the _______ chambers

A

pumping

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27
Q

cone shaped structure from trabecullum carnae where the chordae tendinae attaches

A

papillar muscles

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28
Q

tricuspid and bicuspid

A

atrioventricular valves

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29
Q

other term for AV valves

A

inlet valves

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30
Q

pulmonic and aortic valves

A

semilunar valves

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31
Q

other term for SL valves

A

outlet valves

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32
Q

pressure is ______ when deoxygenated blood travels through the R side of the heart to the lungs

A

decreased

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33
Q

pressure is ______ when oxygenated blood travels through the L side of the heart then back to the system

A

increased

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34
Q

The 2 arteries that does not originate from the arch of the aorta

A

R subclavian & R carotid

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35
Q

Artery of the descending aorta that is also known as the hypogastric aorta; supplies the pelvis, buttocks, and genitals

A

Internal common iliac artery

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36
Q

heart sound heart at start of ventricular systole/closure of AV valves

A

s1

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37
Q

heart sound heard at start of ventricular diastole / closure of SL valves

A

s2

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38
Q

Dx tool used to hear s3 and s4 sounds

A

phonocardiograph

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39
Q

heart sound that can be heard during rapid filling of ventricles

A

s3

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40
Q

other term for s3 heart sound

A

ventricular gallop

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41
Q

condition where s3 can be heard

A

congestive heart failure

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42
Q

heart sound that can be heard during atrial systole

A

s4

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43
Q

other term for s4 heart sound

A

atrial gallop

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44
Q

conditions where s4 can be heard

A

myocardial infarction & HTN

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45
Q

Sympathetic (ANS) _____ the contraction of the heart

A

increases

46
Q

Parasympathetic (ANS) _____ the contraction of the heart

A

decreases

47
Q

primary pacemaker of the heart; initiates depolarization

A

SA node

48
Q

location of SA node

A

at RA

49
Q

other term for SA node

A

sinus node

50
Q

most common site for heart blocks

A

AV node

51
Q

other term for AV node

A

junctional node

52
Q

location of AV node

A

behind tricuspid valve

53
Q

location of the Bundle of His

A

at interventricular septum

54
Q

largest pacemaker of the heart

A

purkinje fibers

55
Q

location of purkinje fibers

A

surrounds the 2 ventricles

56
Q

responsible for the blood supply of the heart

A

coronary artery

57
Q

chamber of the heart with major blood supply from the R coronary artery

A

RV

58
Q

blood supply to the SA node

A

R coronary artery

59
Q

chamber of the heart with major blood supply from the L coronary artery

A

LV

60
Q

branch of the LCA supplying anterior wall and apical wall of the heart

A

L anterior descending artery

61
Q

branch of the LCA supplying lateral and inferior wall of the heart

A

Circumflex artery

62
Q

most commonly occluded d/t bigger size = more prone to deposition

A

LCA

63
Q

phase of cardiac action potential where there is influx of sodium

A

phase 0

64
Q

other term for phase 0 cardiac AP

A

depolarization

65
Q

phase of cardiac action potential where there is :
- decreased influx of sodium
- efflux of potassium

A

phase 1

66
Q

other term for phase 1 cardiac AP

A

initial repolarization

67
Q

phase of cardiac action potential where there is:
- maintenance of depolarization
- influx of Calcium

A

phase 2

68
Q

other term for phase 2 cardiac AP

A

plateau

69
Q

phase of cardiac action potential where there is:
- decreased influx of Ca
- efflux of K

A

phase 3

70
Q

other term for phase 3

A

repolarization

71
Q

phase of cardiac action potential where the charge of the cell returns to RMP

A

Phase 4

72
Q

other term for phase 4 cardiac AP

A

RMP

73
Q

RMP charge for cardiac AP

A

-85 mV

74
Q

pressure of pulmonary artery

A

8 mmHg

75
Q

pressure of aorta

A

80 mmHg

76
Q

pressure that the ventricles must go above

A

afterload pressure

77
Q

normal value for pulse pressure

A

40 mmHg

78
Q

amount of blood left after ventricular relaxation (diastole)

A

end diastolic volume

79
Q

N value of EDV

A

120 mL

80
Q

initial stretching of the heart

A

pre-load

81
Q

amount of blood left after ventricular contraction (systole)

A

end systolic volume

82
Q

N value of ESV

A

50 mL

83
Q

amount of blood pumped by ventricles PER CONTRACTION

A

Stroke volume

84
Q

formula for SV

A

EDV - ESV

85
Q

N value for SV

A

70 mL

86
Q

Amount of blood pumped by ventricles PER MINUTE

A

Cardiac Output

87
Q

formular for CO

A

SV x HR

88
Q

N value of CO (Snell)

A

4 - 6 L

89
Q

average pressure of the large arteries in the body

A

Mean arterial pressure

90
Q

Formula for MAP

A

DBP + (1/3 PP)

91
Q

Formula for pulse pressure (PP)

A

SBP - DBP

92
Q

ECG: atrial depolarization

A

P wave

93
Q

other term for atrial depolarization

A

Atrial contraction

94
Q

ECG: ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

95
Q

other term for ventricular depolarization

A

ventricular contraction

96
Q

ECG: ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

97
Q

Other term for ventricular repolarization

A

ventricular relaxation

98
Q

condition c (+) prolonged PR interval

A

heart block

99
Q

condition c (+) wide, bizarre QRS complex

A

premature ventricular contraction

100
Q

condition c (+) increased ST segment

A

Myocardial infarction

101
Q

condition c (+) decreased ST segment

A

myocardial ischemia

102
Q

Sign that is indicated by clutching chest

A

Levine sign

103
Q

reason why referred pain goes to L arm during angina

A

ulnar nerve distribution

104
Q

Type of angina that responds to rest & nitrates

A

stable angina

105
Q

other term for stable angina (Sullivan)

A

predictable angina

106
Q

effect of nitrates

A

vasodilation

107
Q

type of angina that DOES NOT respond to rest & nitrates

A

unstable angina

108
Q

other term for unstable angina

A

pre-infarction angina

109
Q

duration of unstable angina

A

20 - 30 min

110
Q

type of angina commonly seen in pt c CHF

A

nocturnal angina

111
Q

angina caused by coronary artery spasm

A

prinzmetal angina

112
Q

other term for prinzmetal angina (sullivan)

A

variant angina

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