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Cardiopulmo Flashcards

1
Q

Cone-shaped structure; inverted pyramid shaped organ

A

Heart

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2
Q

the heart is located at the ______, a mass of tissue extending from the sternum to the vertebral column

A

mediastinum

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3
Q

_____ mass of the heart faces toward ______ body midline

A

2/3, left

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4
Q

location of base of heart

A

2nd - 3rd rib

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5
Q

location of apex of heart

A

5th rib

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6
Q

fibrous connective sac that protects the heart from trauma & infection

A

pericardium

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7
Q

OUTER covering of the heart; prevents over-stretching

A

fibrous pericardium

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8
Q

INNER covering of the heart; has 2 other layers

A

serous pericardium

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9
Q

more external inner layer that adheres tightly tot he fibrous pericardium

A

parietal serous pericardium

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10
Q

layer that hugs the actual heart

A

visceral serous pericardium

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11
Q

other term for visceral serous pericardium

A

epicardium

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12
Q

decreases the friction inside the heart and is found between the parietal serous pericardium and the epicardium

A

parietal fluid

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13
Q

normal value of parietal fluid

A

50 mL

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14
Q

is commonly found in pt’s (+) pericarditis; causes (+) pleural friction rub & pain

A

decreased PF

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15
Q

“Cardiac Tamponade”

A

increased PF

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16
Q

Surface of the heart that contains the Right atrium & Right ventricle

A

sternocostal / anterior

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17
Q

most anterior surface of the heart

A

right atrium

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18
Q

surface of the heart where the 2 atria resides

A

base of the heart

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19
Q

most posterior surface of the heart

A

left atrium

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20
Q

surface of the heart where the 2 ventricles can be found

A

apex of the heart

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21
Q

apex of the heart

A

left ventricle

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22
Q

atria are known as the ______ chambers

A

receiving

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23
Q

muscle that makes the anterior wall rough

A

pectinate muscle

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24
Q

remnant of foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

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25
the open septum in the heart that normally closes p birth
foramen ovale
26
ventricles are known as the _______ chambers
pumping
27
cone shaped structure from trabecullum carnae where the chordae tendinae attaches
papillar muscles
28
tricuspid and bicuspid
atrioventricular valves
29
other term for AV valves
inlet valves
30
pulmonic and aortic valves
semilunar valves
31
other term for SL valves
outlet valves
32
pressure is ______ when deoxygenated blood travels through the R side of the heart to the lungs
decreased
33
pressure is ______ when oxygenated blood travels through the L side of the heart then back to the system
increased
34
The 2 arteries that does not originate from the arch of the aorta
R subclavian & R carotid
35
Artery of the descending aorta that is also known as the hypogastric aorta; supplies the pelvis, buttocks, and genitals
Internal common iliac artery
36
heart sound heart at start of ventricular systole/closure of AV valves
s1
37
heart sound heard at start of ventricular diastole / closure of SL valves
s2
38
Dx tool used to hear s3 and s4 sounds
phonocardiograph
39
heart sound that can be heard during rapid filling of ventricles
s3
40
other term for s3 heart sound
ventricular gallop
41
condition where s3 can be heard
congestive heart failure
42
heart sound that can be heard during atrial systole
s4
43
other term for s4 heart sound
atrial gallop
44
conditions where s4 can be heard
myocardial infarction & HTN
45
Sympathetic (ANS) _____ the contraction of the heart
increases
46
Parasympathetic (ANS) _____ the contraction of the heart
decreases
47
primary pacemaker of the heart; initiates depolarization
SA node
48
location of SA node
at RA
49
other term for SA node
sinus node
50
most common site for heart blocks
AV node
51
other term for AV node
junctional node
52
location of AV node
behind tricuspid valve
53
location of the Bundle of His
at interventricular septum
54
largest pacemaker of the heart
purkinje fibers
55
location of purkinje fibers
surrounds the 2 ventricles
56
responsible for the blood supply of the heart
coronary artery
57
chamber of the heart with major blood supply from the R coronary artery
RV
58
blood supply to the SA node
R coronary artery
59
chamber of the heart with major blood supply from the L coronary artery
LV
60
branch of the LCA supplying anterior wall and apical wall of the heart
L anterior descending artery
61
branch of the LCA supplying lateral and inferior wall of the heart
Circumflex artery
62
most commonly occluded d/t bigger size = more prone to deposition
LCA
63
phase of cardiac action potential where there is influx of sodium
phase 0
64
other term for phase 0 cardiac AP
depolarization
65
phase of cardiac action potential where there is : - decreased influx of sodium - efflux of potassium
phase 1
66
other term for phase 1 cardiac AP
initial repolarization
67
phase of cardiac action potential where there is: - maintenance of depolarization - influx of Calcium
phase 2
68
other term for phase 2 cardiac AP
plateau
69
phase of cardiac action potential where there is: - decreased influx of Ca - efflux of K
phase 3
70
other term for phase 3
repolarization
71
phase of cardiac action potential where the charge of the cell returns to RMP
Phase 4
72
other term for phase 4 cardiac AP
RMP
73
RMP charge for cardiac AP
-85 mV
74
pressure of pulmonary artery
8 mmHg
75
pressure of aorta
80 mmHg
76
pressure that the ventricles must go above
afterload pressure
77
normal value for pulse pressure
40 mmHg
78
amount of blood left after ventricular relaxation (diastole)
end diastolic volume
79
N value of EDV
120 mL
80
initial stretching of the heart
pre-load
81
amount of blood left after ventricular contraction (systole)
end systolic volume
82
N value of ESV
50 mL
83
amount of blood pumped by ventricles PER CONTRACTION
Stroke volume
84
formula for SV
EDV - ESV
85
N value for SV
70 mL
86
Amount of blood pumped by ventricles PER MINUTE
Cardiac Output
87
formular for CO
SV x HR
88
N value of CO (Snell)
4 - 6 L
89
average pressure of the large arteries in the body
Mean arterial pressure
90
Formula for MAP
DBP + (1/3 PP)
91
Formula for pulse pressure (PP)
SBP - DBP
92
ECG: atrial depolarization
P wave
93
other term for atrial depolarization
Atrial contraction
94
ECG: ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
95
other term for ventricular depolarization
ventricular contraction
96
ECG: ventricular repolarization
T wave
97
Other term for ventricular repolarization
ventricular relaxation
98
condition c (+) prolonged PR interval
heart block
99
condition c (+) wide, bizarre QRS complex
premature ventricular contraction
100
condition c (+) increased ST segment
Myocardial infarction
101
condition c (+) decreased ST segment
myocardial ischemia
102
Sign that is indicated by clutching chest
Levine sign
103
reason why referred pain goes to L arm during angina
ulnar nerve distribution
104
Type of angina that responds to rest & nitrates
stable angina
105
other term for stable angina (Sullivan)
predictable angina
106
effect of nitrates
vasodilation
107
type of angina that DOES NOT respond to rest & nitrates
unstable angina
108
other term for unstable angina
pre-infarction angina
109
duration of unstable angina
20 - 30 min
110
type of angina commonly seen in pt c CHF
nocturnal angina
111
angina caused by coronary artery spasm
prinzmetal angina
112
other term for prinzmetal angina (sullivan)
variant angina

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