Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

!! > Cardioooo > Flashcards

Cardioooo Flashcards

1
Q

What occupies most of the anterior cardiac surface

A

right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the right ventricle and pulmonary artery form

A

wedge-like structure behind and to the left of the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the inferior border of the right ventricle lie

A

below the junction of the sternum and the xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the right ventricle located

A

narrows superiorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the left ventricle located

A

behind the right ventricle and to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the PMI located

A

found in the 5th interspace lateral to the midsternal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a PMI >2.5 evident of?

A

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In patients with COPD where can the PMI be located

A

xiphoid or epigastric area as a result of right ventricular hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the aorta located

A

curves upward from the left ventricle to level of sternal angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is S1 and S2 produced

A

S1 - closure of mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 2 discernible components do you hear from S2

A

A2 - aortic valve closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Of the two components of S2 which is louder and why

A

A2 louder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is S3 produced

A

abrupt deceleration of inflow across the mitral valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is S4 produced

A

increased left ventricular and diastolic stiffness which decrease compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which side usually occurs first the right side or left side

A

Left side occurs lightly earlier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does the right side occur slight later

A

due to inspiration and increase in right ventricular stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Of the two components of S2 which is lower and where is it located

A

P2 is softer - the lower pressure of pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are heart murmurs

A

turbulent blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What types of diseases can cause heart murmurs

A

stenotic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are types of murmurs and where are they usually heard

A

mitral valve - at or around the apex of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Review of conduction system

A

P wave ->atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Cardiac Output

A

volume of blood ejected from each ventricle in 1 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Stroke volume

A

blood ejected with each heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Preload

A

load that stretches cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What increases preload

A

increase of venous return to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What decreases preload

A

exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is Myocardial Contractility

A

increases when stimulated from Sympathetic Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is Afterload

A

degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the main sources of Afterload

A

walls of aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is Jugular Venous Pressure

A

reflects right atrial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What causes jugular venous pulsations

A

changing pressures in the right atrium during diastole and systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where is the apical impulse heard the best

A

children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

At what point does the Apical Impulse start to become harder to find

A

as the chest deepens in its anteroposterior diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Is the splitting of S2 hard to hear in older people and if so, why?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where is a jugular venous hum heard?

A

common in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When assessing cardiac symptoms what should you quantify

A

the patients baseline level of activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the most common symptom of Coronary Heart disease

A

CHEST PAIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the symptoms that make up Angina Pectoris

A

exertional pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what are symptoms of Acute Aortic Dissection

A

anterior chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are palpitations

A

unpleasant awareness of the heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is Afib

A

Irregularly irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are premature contractions

A

transient skips and flip-flops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

A

rapid regular beating of sudden onset and offset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is Sinus Tachycardia

A

rapid regular rate of < 120 beats/min, especially if starting or stopping more gradually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What can Shortness of Breath represent

A

Dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is dyspnea

A

uncomfortable awareness of breathing

47
Q

What is orthopnea

A

SOB occurs when a patient is lying down

48
Q

What is PND

A

episodes of sudden dyspnea and orthopnea

49
Q

What can PND be a cause of

A

left ventricular hear failure

50
Q

What is edema

A

excessive fluid in extravascular interstitial space

51
Q

What is dependent edema

A

appears in the lowest body parts

52
Q

What are some causes of dependent edema

A

heart failure

53
Q

What two diseases are most popular with edema

A

nephrotic syndrome

54
Q

How do you screen for Cardiovascular Risk factors

A

screen for Global risk factors

55
Q

What are the risk factors for Cardiovascular disease

A

hypertension

56
Q

What characteristics constitute high risk for Women 2011

A

> 1 high risk states which include

57
Q

What are the major risk factors that would make a woman at risk for Cardiovascular disease

A

smoking

58
Q

What diseases make a woman at risk for Cardiovascular disease

A

subclinical atherosclerosis

59
Q

What are the ideal characteristic for someone to AVOID cardiovascular disease

A

TC <200

60
Q

Which risk factors should be screened with frequency at each drs visit

A

cigarette smoking

61
Q

What are the goals of those same risk factors

A

Smoking - Quit

62
Q

What is the screening frequency for someone with dyslipidemia

A

Every 5 years if low risk

63
Q

What is the screening frequency for someone with Diabetes

A

Every three years beginning at 45

64
Q

What is the A1C for patients with diabetics

A

HgA1C >6.5%

65
Q

When should pulse be checked and what is the goal

A

check at each visit

66
Q

Classification and Management of Blood Pressure for Adults

A

Normal: <120/80

67
Q

What is the screening criteria for healthy adults with no risk factors

A

begin at age 45

68
Q

What patients need to be screened regularly for diabetes

A

Adults with a BMI >25

69
Q

What are other characteristics for adults make them necessary for screening for diabetes

A

HDL cholesterol 250

70
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Diabetes and Prediabetes

A

A1C >6.5% for Diabetic & 5.7%-6.4% for Pre-Diabetes

71
Q

What is ATP III Guidelines: 10 Year risk and LDL goals for someone that is in the high risk category (>20%)

A

LDL goal (<100)

72
Q

What is ATP III Guidelines: 10 Year risk and LDL goals for someone that is in the moderately high risk category (10-20%)

A

LDL goal <130

73
Q

What is ATP III Guidelines: 10 Year risk and LDL goals for someone that is in the moderate risk category (<10%)

A

LDL goal <130

74
Q

What is ATP III Guidelines: 10 Year risk and LDL goals for someone that is in the lower risk category (0-1 risk factor)

A

LDL goal < 160

75
Q

what is the metabolic syndrome: 2009 Diagnostic Criteria(Must meet 3 or more of 5)

A

Waist: Men >102cm & women >88cm

76
Q

Lifestyle Modifications to Prevent or Manage Hypertension

A

Optimal weight or BMI of 18.5-24.9

77
Q

Promoting Lifestyle changes and risk factor modifications

A

Promote CH health is a priority for HP 2020

78
Q

what are the healthy fats high in

A

Monounsaturated (almonds, pecans, peanuts)

79
Q

What are unhealthy fats

A

foods high in cholesterol (dairy products, egg yolks, liver & organ meats)

80
Q

What are Rhythms that are of Normal rate

A

NSR (60-100)

81
Q

what rhythms are fast (over 100)

A

Sinus tachycardia (100-180)

82
Q

What rhythms are slow (under 60)

A

Sinus brady (<60)

83
Q

What is Sporadic Sinus Arrhythmia

A

heart varies cyclically

84
Q

What is atrial or Nodal Premature contractions

A

beat from atrium or node comes earlier

85
Q

what is ventricular premature beats

A

ventricular beat comes early

86
Q

What is atrial fibrillation and Atrial Flutter with varying AV block

A

ventricular rhythm is totally irregular

87
Q

What are the abnormalities of the Arterial pulse and pressure waves

A

normal

88
Q

what is a normal pulse

A

30-40mmHg

89
Q

what are small, weak pulses

A

lower pulse pressure

90
Q

What are the causes of small weak pulses

A

decreased stroke volume

91
Q

What are large, bounding pulses

A

increased pressure and feels strong

92
Q

What are the causes of large, bounding pulses

A

increased stroke volume

93
Q

What is Bisferiens Pulse

A

increased arterial pulse with a double systolic peak

94
Q

What are the causes of Bisferiens pulse

A

aortic regurgitation

95
Q

What is pulsus alternans

A

pulse alternates in amp from beat to beat

96
Q

What are the causes of Pulsus Alternans

A

caused by left ventricular failure

97
Q

What is a Bigeminal Pulse

A

mimic pulsus alternans

98
Q

What is a paradoxical pulse

A

decreased pulse amp on quiet inspiration

99
Q

what are the causes of Paradoxical pulse

A

pericardial tamponade

100
Q

What is the Left Ventricular Point of Max Impulse

A

due to apex of heart moving up against chest wall during contraction

101
Q

what is a Normal LV PMI

A

discreet diameter less than equal to 2cm

102
Q

What is hyperkinetic ventricular impulse

A

transiently increased stoke volume

103
Q

What are two other characteristics of hyperkinetic ventricular impulse

A

2cm but increased am can make it seem bigger

104
Q

What is pressure overload

A

leads to ventricular hypertrophy

105
Q

What is volume overload left ventricular impulse

A

leads to ventricular dilation

106
Q

What is hyperkinetic right ventricular impulse

A

anxiety, hyperparathyroid, anemia

107
Q

What is pressure overload right ventricular impulse

A

pulmonic stenosis, pulm HTN

108
Q

What is volume overload right ventricular impulse

A

atrial septal defect

109
Q

What are the characteristics for normal variation in S1

A

softer than S2 at base (2nd interspace)

110
Q

What is accentuated S1 sound?

A

mitral valve still open wide at onset of ventricular systole

111
Q

What are examples of accentuated S1 sounds

A

Tachycardia

112
Q

What is diminished S1 sound

A

1st degree heart block

113
Q

What is varying S1

A

mitral valve is in varying position before being shut by ventricular contraction

114
Q

What is Split S1

A

normal along lower left sternum

!! (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions