Cardiomyopathy - intrinsic Flashcards
Define cardiomyopathy
A group of diseases in which the myocardium becomes structurally and functionally abnormal
(in the absence of coronary artery disease, valvular disease and congenital heart disease)
What is the difference between primary and secondary cardiomyopathy?
Primary: Confined to myocardium
Secondary: Part of a systemic disease
What are the 5 classifications of cardiomyopathy?
- hypertrophic
- dilated
- restrictive
- arrhythmogenic right ventricular
- unclassified
What are the general symptoms of cardiomyopathy?
ØSOB on exertion
ØFainting
ØDizziness
ØFatigue
What are the general signs of cardiomyopathy o/e?
ØSigns of HF (resp. crackles, oedema, ↑ JVP)
ØMurmurs
ØS3
ØS4
Which investigations are required for ?cardiomyopathy
NO single diagnostic test for all types
- Bloods
- BNP
- CXR
- ECG,
- non-invasive stress test,
- ECHO,
- cardiac catheterisation
Why would S3 be heard in cardiomyopathy?
↑ LV volume/LV dysfunction
Why would S4 be heard in cardiomyopathy?
↑ LV Pressure
- What is an echocardiogram capable of w.r.t. cardiomyopathy?
- What is it diagnostic for?
- differentiate between different types of cardiomyopathy
- diagnostic for HCM.
Why is Cardiac catheterization conducted for
?cardiomyopathy?
- excludes coronary artery disease as cause of DCM
- distinguishes RCM from constrictive pericarditis.
Why is a stress test conducted for ?cardiomyopathy?
to exclude coronary artery disease
Why does Dilated cardiomyopathy cause symptoms?
Ventricles enlarge, become dilated, Weaken and can’ t contact
effectively.
Name some risk factors for DCM
ØAlcohol
ØPost viral
ØAI
ØHaemochromatosis
Øgenetic
Name some symptoms of DCM
HF:
- dyspnoea
- fatigue,
- arrhythmias,
- ankle swelling,
- ascites
What are the signs of DCM to be seen on o/e?
Ø↑ JVP
ØTR, MR murmur
ØS3
ØDisplaced apex beat
