Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
Define cardiomyopathy
- Disorders of the heart muscle/myocardium
- Typically results in decreased CO
Describe the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the myocardium which leads to muscular and conduction defects
What are the 3 main types of cardiomyopathy?
- Hypertrophic
- Dilated
- Restrictive
Describe pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Thick, non-compliant heart which leads to impaired diastolic filling and ultimately a decrease in cardiac output
- It affects the septum and blocks the flow of blood out of the LV, this is known as LV Outflow Tract Obstruction (LVOT)
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to?
due to a genetic mutation of troponin T and Myosin B
Describe the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy
- The walls of the myocardium are thin and dilated
- They poorly contract which results in a decreased cardiac output
What is dilated cardiomyopathy due to?
Could be genetic or secondary to other causes (alcohol, IHD)
Describe the pathophysiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy
- The myocardium is rigid, stiff and fibrotic which means the heart fills poorly and contracts poorly resulting in a reduced cardiac output
- This is rare but severe
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy due to?
It could be idiopathic, a result of granulomatous disease or happen following a myocardial infarction
Which cardiomyopathy is the most common?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Which cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of death in young people?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What are symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Sudden Death
Chest Pain
Palpitations
Syncope
Fatigue
Shortness of Breath
What are symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Shortness of Breath
Heart Failure
Atrial Fibrillation
Thromboemboli
What are symptoms of restrictive: severe cardiomyopathy?
Dyspnoea
S3 + S4 Sounds
Oedema
Congestive Heart Failure
Narrow Pulse Pressure
How would you diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Abnormal ECG
ECHO
Genetic Testing
