Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Pathophysiology
Autosomal dominant inheritance : defect in sarcomere protein
- Left ventricular hypertrophy - disorganised muscle growth in LV and AV septum
- Hypertrophied septum
- left ventricular outflow tract* (LVOT) obstruction
- Displaced mitral valve leaflets - Mitral regurgitation
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Clinical features
Leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes
May be asymptomatic
1. SOB, Syncope
2. Chest pain, palpitation
3. Most are asymptomatic
4. Assoc FH of sudden death
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Clinical signs
- Ejection systolic murmur - 2nd to blockage
- Mitral regurgitation - pan systolic murmur
- Increased risk of arrhythmia - AF
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Investigations
Diagnosis : ECHO/Cardiac MRI
ECG - LV hypertrophy
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Management
Avoid ACEi + nitrates - as can worsen lLVOT obstruction
* Amiodarone
* Beta-blockers or verapamil for symptoms
* Cardioverter defibrillator
* Dual chamber pacemaker
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy- Definition
a genetic condition where the heart muscle is progressively replaced with fibrofatty tissue.
It becomes prone to ventricular arrhythmias.
It is a notable cause of sudden cardiac death in young people, including high-performing athletes.
Dilated cardiomyopathy : Definition
condition where the heart muscle becomes thin and dilated
Classic causes include
* Alcohol } most common
* Coxsackie B virus
Restrictive cardiomyopathy- Definition
heart becomes rigid and stiff, causing impaired ventricular filling during diastole.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy : Causes
Amyloidosis