Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Pathophysiology

A

Autosomal dominant inheritance : defect in sarcomere protein

  1. Left ventricular hypertrophy - disorganised muscle growth in LV and AV septum
  2. Hypertrophied septum
  3. left ventricular outflow tract* (LVOT) obstruction
  4. Displaced mitral valve leaflets - Mitral regurgitation
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2
Q

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Clinical features

A

Leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes
May be asymptomatic
1. SOB, Syncope
2. Chest pain, palpitation
3. Most are asymptomatic
4. Assoc FH of sudden death

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3
Q

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Clinical signs

A
  1. Ejection systolic murmur - 2nd to blockage
  2. Mitral regurgitation - pan systolic murmur
  3. Increased risk of arrhythmia - AF
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4
Q

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Investigations

A

Diagnosis : ECHO/Cardiac MRI
ECG - LV hypertrophy

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5
Q

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy : Management

A

Avoid ACEi + nitrates - as can worsen lLVOT obstruction
* Amiodarone
* Beta-blockers or verapamil for symptoms
* Cardioverter defibrillator
* Dual chamber pacemaker

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6
Q

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy- Definition

A

a genetic condition where the heart muscle is progressively replaced with fibrofatty tissue.

It becomes prone to ventricular arrhythmias.

It is a notable cause of sudden cardiac death in young people, including high-performing athletes.

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7
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy : Definition

A

condition where the heart muscle becomes thin and dilated
Classic causes include
* Alcohol } most common
* Coxsackie B virus

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8
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy- Definition

A

heart becomes rigid and stiff, causing impaired ventricular filling during diastole.

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9
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy : Causes

A

Amyloidosis

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