Cardiomyopathies and Cardiac Infections

Question 1

Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies

Answer 1

• Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
• Arrhythmogenic right ventricular
  cardiomyopathy
• Unclassified cardiomyopathies (ex.
  Takotsubo)

Question 2

Ischemic cardiomyopathies

Answer 2

• An enlarged heart caused by
  CAD
• Usually accompanied by HF
  *IDIOPATHIC

Question 3

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Answer 3

Most Common

• Significant dilation of ventricles
  Without hypertrophy
  poor systolic function (EF < 40%)
• Elevated systolic & diastolic volumes in the
  ventricles
• Structural changes cause
  Less blood being ejected
  More blood remaining in ventricles
  Lead to HF
• Valve dysfunction (regurgitation)
  From an overstretched ventricle

Question 4

DCM

Answer 4

D = DILATED
D = Distended heart muscle

You have decreased cardiac output
Which means decreased O2

Most common of all the cardiomyopathies

Inherited – 30-50% genetically linked
Idiopathic – 20-30%
Other causes: pregnancy, heavy alcohol use, viral infections, chemo treatment, HTN, persistent tachycardia, etc.…

Question 5

RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY

Answer 5

R = Rock hard muscle (think of it like a brick wall)
R = Rigid & thick

Least common type of cardiomyopathy

Can be either inherited or acquired

Causes: infiltrative disease, storage disease, non-infiltrative disease, endomyocardial

Question 6

HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPAHTY

Answer 6

Autosomal dominant
Passed down through genes
- 1 parent = 50% chance of getting

H = huge heart muscle
Means less blood in
- Decreased cardiac output
- Decreased O2 to body

Most common cause of SCD (sudden cardiac death) in young competitive athletes

Question 7

ARVC (ARRYTHMOGENIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHY

Answer 7

Inherited
Uncommon
Starts in the right ventricle

Question 8

TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY “BROKEN HEART SYNDROME”

Answer 8

Stress induced
Mimics ACS
More common in women than men
Cardiac catheterization to diagnose