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Cardiovascular > Cardiomyopathies > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathies Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

The dilated ventricles don’t contract as effectively

More the left ventricle than the right

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2
Q

Investigation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Echo - assess the ejection fraction

CXR - dilated ‘balloon’ heart seen

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3
Q

Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (5)

A 
Idiopathic 
Myocarditis (coxsackie, HIV)
Alcohol
Cocaine 
Haemochromatosis
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4
Q

Presentation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (4)

A

Fatigue
Dyspnoea
Heart Failure
Systolic Murmur

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5
Q

Management of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (5)

A 
Diuretics 
ACE-i
Anti-coagulants 
(These are to deal with resultant heart failure) 
Pacing of ventricles 
Cardiac transplant
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6
Q

Predominant problem in HOCM

A

Diastolic dysfunction

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7
Q

Genetics of HOCM

A

Mutations in the sarcomeric genes (often problems with myosin chains)

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8
Q

Presentation of HOCM (4)

A

Sudden cardiac death
Heart failure
Syncope
AF

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9
Q

Investigation of HOCM (2)

A

Echo - needed to diagnose definitively

LVH on ECG

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10
Q

Echo Findings HOCM

A

Mitral regurgitation

Asymmetric hypertrophy

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11
Q

Management of HOCM (3)

A

Avoid competitive sport
ICD in high risk patients
B-blockers may be useful

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12
Q

Pathogenesis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

A

Fatty replacement of the myocardium and scar tissue

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13
Q

Genetics of Autosomal Dominant ARVC

A

Stop codon formed in the PKP2 gene

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14
Q

AR ARVC is known as…

A

Naxos Disease

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15
Q

Presentation of ARVC (4)

A

Syncope
Breathlessness
Palpitations
Sudden cardiac death

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16
Q

Investigation of ARVC (3)

A

ECG
Echo
MRI (can be useful to show replacement of fibrofatty tissue)

17
Q

Management of ARVC (3)

A

Sotalol
Catheter ablation
ICD in high risk

18
Q

Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (4)

A

Idiopathic
Amyloidosis
Haemochromatosis
Sarcoid

19
Q

Presentation of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A

RVF

Signs of increased venous pressure

20
Q

Investigation of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A

Cardiac Catheterisation

Cardiovascular (7 decks)

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