CARDIOMYOPATHIES Flashcards
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)
dilation of the ventricles/atria causing a reduction in strength and contraction
MC CARDIOMYOPATHY
men>females
DCM- causes
idiopathic, genetic, alc abuse, ischemia (MI/CAD), chemo toxicity, post-partum state, myocarditis, thyroid ds, lyme ds, diabetes, arrhythmias, cocaine
DCM- SS
- HF signs and symptoms
- S3 and S4
- cardiomegaly
- sudden death
DCM Dx
- CXR (enlarged cardiac silhouette)
- Echocardiogram (dx test of choice)– can asses EF, wall thickness, chamber diameters
- genetic testing
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
hypertrophy of L ventricular septum
- blockage of blood flow for the L ventricle= hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
- **MC cause of sudden death in ppl younger than 30 yrs **
HCM- SS
dyspnea, CP, palpitations, syncope, sudden death, arrhythmias, inc carotid pulse
SYSTOLIC EJECTION MURMUR AT LLSB
- listen while pt squats (dec pre and afterload), if hypertrophic- sound will decrease
- valsalva increase afterload- sound will be LOUDER
sudden death in young athlete (common)
murmur intensity is based on the squat to standing maneuver, changes the preload, therefore changing how loud the murmur is
HCM- Dx
EKG, echo (Dx of choice), genetic testing
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM)
collagen defect infiltrating the ventricular wall causing reduced relaxation (stiffening of ventricle)
- impedes ventricular filling
RCM- causes
amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, scleroderma, carcinoidnsyndrome, radiation/chemo (scars myocaytes), idiopathic
RCM- SS
dyspnea, exercise intolerance, R sided HF SS
RCM Dx
- EKG- shows LOW VOLTAGE
- echo
- endomyocardial bx
DCM and RCM Tx
tx underlying cause
supportive tx of CHF
HCM Tx
- avoid strenous activity
- BB or CCB
- septal myomectomy
- alcohol septal ablation
ALL Cardiomyopathies Tx
AICD
Cardiac transplantation
