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🚑 NREMT Study > 🫀 Cardiology & Resuscitation > Flashcards

🫀 Cardiology & Resuscitation Flashcards

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1
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry de-oxygenated blood INTO to the heart from the body’s tissues.

Towards the heart

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2
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood AWAY from the heart to the body’s tissues.

Away from the heart

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3
Q

Superior Vena Cava (SVC)

A

A large vein that carries oxygen-poor blood from the upper half of the body to the heart’s right atrium.

Superior = closer to the head, upper half of body.

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4
Q

Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)

A

A large vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the heart’s right atrium.

Inferior - closer to the feet, below.

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5
Q

Atrium always pushes _____________

A

Down ↓

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6
Q

Ventricle always pushes __________

A

Up ↑

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7
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that keeps blood flowing in the proper direction.

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8
Q

Mitral Valve

A

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that keeps blood flowing in the proper direction.

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9
Q

CHF

A

Congestive Heart Failure

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10
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

When the heart fails to pump properly.

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11
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Fluid is building up in the lungs, normally due to the left-side of the heart failing and backing up into the lungs.

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12
Q

Causes of Congestive Heart Failure

A
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • High Cholesterol
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13
Q

Jugular Vein Distention (JVD)

A

A visible bulge in the large vein that runs down the right side of the neck. It occurs when blood can’t flow properly and backs up in the vein, increasing pressure.

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14
Q

Right-Sided Heart Failure Symptoms

A
  • Jugular Vein Distention (swelling of large vein in the neck.
  • Peripheral Edema (swelling of legs and ankles)
  • Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen)
  • Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)
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15
Q

Left-Side Heart Failure Symtoms

A
  • Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)
  • Dyspnea (Shortness of breath)
  • Orthopnea (difficulty breathing when lying down)
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (sudden nighttime shortness of breath)
  • Fatigue and weakness
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16
Q

Ascites

(Uh-SITE-teez)

A

Fluid build up in the abdomen.

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17
Q

Peripheral Edema

A

Swelling of the legs and ankles, often due to right side heart failure or issues.

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18
Q

Hepatomegaly

(HEP-uh-toe-MEG-uh-lee)

A

Enlarged Liver

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19
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Fluid build up in the LUNGS.

20
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of Breath

21
Q

Orthopnea

(Or-THOP-nea)

A

Difficulty breathing while lying down (supine position)

22
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

A

Sudden night time shortness of breath.

23
Q

Systolic

A

The pressure of blood in your arteries DURING heart contractions.

24
Q

Diastolic

A

The pressure of blood in your arteries IN-BETWEEN contractions of the heart. (Relax phase)

25
Q

Pre-Load

A

The force that stretches the ventricles BEFORE contraction. Ventricle filling up with blood. 120-130mL.

26
Q

After-Load

A

The resistance the heart must OVERCOME to pump blood out of the LEFT ventricles into the aortic valve.

27
Q

Contractility

A

The heart muscle’s ability to contract and generate force to pump blood.

28
Q

Automaticity

A

The hearts ability to generate electrical impulses on its own without external stimulation.

29
Q

Cardiac Output (CO)

A

The amount of blood pumped in one minute (L/min)

30
Q

Stroke Volume (SV)

A

The amount of blood ejected per contraction (mL)

(50-100mL)

31
Q

Cardiac Output Equation

A

CO = SV x HR

32
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

How well your heart pumps blood OUT of the left ventricle to the Aorta.

(Normal = 50-75%)

33
Q

End-Diastolic Volume

A

The amount of blood that is in the ventricles just BEFORE the heart contracts.

34
Q

Jugular Vein Detention

A

Swelling of the large vein in the neck.

35
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure
(Formula)

A

MAP = DP + 1/3(SP-DP)

36
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Heart Attack

37
Q

Cause of M.I.?

A

When a coronary artery is blocked, causing no blood flow to the heart muscle.

38
Q

Stable Angina

A

Chest pains that stop with rest.

39
Q

Unstable Angina

A

Chest pains persists even with rest.

40
Q

Symptoms Silent M.I.

A

Weakness, epigastric pain, or indigestion. Common in elderly patients, women, diabetics, and alcoholics.

41
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Pressure on the heart caused by fluid collecting in the sac surrounding the heart.

42
Q

Hypertensive Crisis

A

Systolic BP higher than 180 and/or diastolic BP higher than 120.

43
Q

Becks Triad

A
  • Jugular Vein Detention (JVD)
  • Muffled Heart Sounds
  • Hypotension
44
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome consists of these two conditions:

A
  1. Myocardial Infarction
  2. Unstable Angina
45
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

The build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.

46
Q

Thromboembolism

A

Part of a blood clot that breaks off and travels through the bloodstream

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