Cardiology/Hematology Lab Flashcards
what is a myocardial infarction?
death of heart tissue from coronary ischemia caused by blockage in coronary blood vessel
what is congestive heart failure
inability for heart to pump sufficient blood for body’s demands
3 causes of congestive heart failure
myocardial infarction, high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy
what is an arterial bypass
a vein is inserted into and used to feed tissue that is unable to receive blood flow due to a coronary blockage
what is a mitral valve replacement
replacement of a patient’s mitral valve because it is too tight to allow blood to flow into left ventricle OR it is too loose and allows blood to flow back into left atrium and into lungs
3 characteristic of cardiac tissue
- visible striations2. intercalated discs 3. uninucleate
where are four electrodes placed in an ECG
left and right wrists and left and right ankles
what does lead I of ECG measure
horizontal activity by measuring right arm to left arm
what does lead II of an ECG measure
vertical activity from right arm to left leg
what does lead III measure
vertical activity by measuring left arm to left leg
what does p-wave indicate
atrial depolarization
what does P-R interval indicate
time interval between beginning of atrial depolarization and beginning of ventricular depolarization
what does P-R segment indicate
the time atria are depolarized
what does QRS complex indicate
beginning of ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
what does S-T segment indicate
ventricles are depolarized
what does Q-T interval indicate
beginning of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization
what does T-wave indicate
time of ventricular repolarization
what are three common superficial arteries for pulse measurement
- common carotid artery2. brachial artery3. radial artery
what does systolic pressure indicate
pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular ejection
what does diastolic pressure indicate
pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation
when using the auscultatory method, when do you record systolic pressure?
the first tapping sound that is heard as cuff is deflated
when using auscultatory method, when is diastolic pressure recorded?
when a sound can no longer be heard
what are two differences between veins and arteries under a microscope?
- walls of arteries are generally thicker2. arteries are generally more circular; veins tend to collapse
describe an erythrocyte
small, salmon-colored anucleate biconcave disc
