Cardiology/Hematology Lab

Question 1

what is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 1

death of heart tissue from coronary ischemia caused by blockage in coronary blood vessel

Question 2

what is congestive heart failure

Answer 2

inability for heart to pump sufficient blood for body’s demands

Question 3

3 causes of congestive heart failure

Answer 3

myocardial infarction, high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy

Question 4

what is an arterial bypass

Answer 4

a vein is inserted into and used to feed tissue that is unable to receive blood flow due to a coronary blockage

Question 5

what is a mitral valve replacement

Answer 5

replacement of a patient’s mitral valve because it is too tight to allow blood to flow into left ventricle OR it is too loose and allows blood to flow back into left atrium and into lungs

Question 6

3 characteristic of cardiac tissue

Answer 6

1. visible striations2. intercalated discs 3. uninucleate

Question 7

where are four electrodes placed in an ECG

Answer 7

left and right wrists and left and right ankles

Question 8

what does lead I of ECG measure

Answer 8

horizontal activity by measuring right arm to left arm

Question 9

what does lead II of an ECG measure

Answer 9

vertical activity from right arm to left leg

Question 10

what does lead III measure

Answer 10

vertical activity by measuring left arm to left leg

Question 11

what does p-wave indicate

Answer 11

atrial depolarization

Question 12

what does P-R interval indicate

Answer 12

time interval between beginning of atrial depolarization and beginning of ventricular depolarization

Question 13

what does P-R segment indicate

Answer 13

the time atria are depolarized

Question 14

what does QRS complex indicate

Answer 14

beginning of ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

Question 15

what does S-T segment indicate

Answer 15

ventricles are depolarized

Question 16

what does Q-T interval indicate

Answer 16

beginning of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization

Question 17

what does T-wave indicate

Answer 17

time of ventricular repolarization

Question 18

what are three common superficial arteries for pulse measurement

Answer 18

1. common carotid artery2. brachial artery3. radial artery

Question 19

what does systolic pressure indicate

Answer 19

pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular ejection

Question 20

what does diastolic pressure indicate

Answer 20

pressure in the arteries during ventricular relaxation

Question 21

when using the auscultatory method, when do you record systolic pressure?

Answer 21

the first tapping sound that is heard as cuff is deflated

Question 22

when using auscultatory method, when is diastolic pressure recorded?

Answer 22

when a sound can no longer be heard

Question 23

what are two differences between veins and arteries under a microscope?

Answer 23

1. walls of arteries are generally thicker2. arteries are generally more circular; veins tend to collapse

Question 24

describe an erythrocyte

Answer 24

small, salmon-colored anucleate biconcave disc

Question 25

what leukocyte has cytoplasmic granules and a multi-lobed nucleus

Answer 25

neutrophils

Question 26

what leukocyte has red nucleus/granules and a bilobed nucleus

Answer 26

eosinophils

Question 27

what leukocyte has blue-purplish-black cytoplasmic granules and a lobed nucleus?

Answer 27

basophils

Question 28

what leukocyte has a spherical or indented nucleus that fills almost entire cell

Answer 28

lymphocyte

Question 29

what leukocyte is the largest and has a kidney-shaped nucleus

Answer 29

monocyte

Question 30

describe thrombocytes

Answer 30

discoid cytoplasmic fragments that stain deep purple

Question 31

what are the three layers of centrifuged blood in order from top to bottom?

Answer 31

1. plasma2. buffy coat (wbc and platelets)3. hematocrit (RBC)

Question 32

what does a low hematocrit indicate

Answer 32

anemia

Question 33

what is agglutination

Answer 33

phenomena where antibodies attach to blood cells containing a specific antigen and cause them to clump