Cardiology Drugs

Question 1

Furosemide, bumetanide, torasemide

Answer 1

Class: loop diuretics
MoA:
Dose:
Use: pulmonary oedema, chronic HF
SEs: urinary retention (BPH)
Contraindications: ?DM, gout

Question 2

Spironolactone, eplerenone, finerenone

Answer 2

Class: aldosterone receptor antagonists
MoA: K+ sparing, RAAS (aldosterone inhibition)
Dose:
Use:
SEs: cough, dizziness, headache, diarrhoea
Contraindications: CKD5 - RF (dose titration)

Question 3

Bendroflumethiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, chlortalidone, indapamide, chlorothiazide, metolazone, methylclothiazide

Answer 3

Class: thiazide diuretics
MoA: NKCC2
Indication:
Dose:
SE: hypochloraemic alkalosis, constipation/diarrhoea, ED, fatigue, headache, hyperglycaemia, hyperuricaemia, N+V, postural hypos, skin
Contraindication: Bartter’s syndrome, gout, DM, hyperlipidaemia

Question 4

Aspirin

Answer 4

Class: NSAID
MoA: COX inhibitor, less PG release
Dose: 300mg (1-2 tablets, qds)
Indication: headache, arthalgia, HF
SEs: indigestion, hypocoagulability (easy bleeding/bruising; black, tarry stools)
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, asthma, rhinitis, nasal polyps

Question 5

Ramipril, enalapril, lisinopril

Answer 5

Class: ACEis
MoA: ACE (enz produces ATII, vasodilator)
Dose: 2.5-10mg qd
Indication: HTN, HF, ACS
SEs: dry cough, dizziness, headaches, diarrhoea, N+V
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, angioedema, hyperkalaemia, renal artery stenosis, pregnancy

Question 6

ARBs

Answer 6

Class:
MoA:
Dose:
Indication:
SEs:
Contraindications:

Question 7

Clopidogrel

Question 8

Apixaban

Answer 8

DOAC - short half life, not necessarily better if patient forgetful

Question 9

Ticagrelor

Question 10

Bisoprolol

Answer 10

Rate controller oft used for AF

Question 11

Simvastatin

Question 12

Amlodipine

Answer 12

CCBs

Question 13

Atorvastatin

Question 14

Warfarin

Answer 14

Anticoagulant - longer half-life (better for forgetful patients)
Too much - give reversible antidote (Vit K)

Question 15

Apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban

Answer 15

Class: DOACs
MoA: factor Xa inhibitors
Use: VTEs (treatment & prophylaxis)
Dose: 2.5mg bd (prophylaxis); 10mg bd (treat)
SEs: anaemia, haemorrhage, nausea, skin
Contraindications: pregnancy, BF, severe LF, CKD5

Question 16

Adenosine

Answer 16

Class:
MoA:
Dose:
Use: SVT (haemodynamically stable - regular narrow QRS if vagal manoeuvres fail)
SE:
Contraindication : asthma (give verapamil)

Question 17

Digoxin

Answer 17

Class:
MoA:
Dose:
Use:
SEs: digoxin toxicity (OD) = N+V, brady, PR prolongation, broad QRS, hyperkalaemia – treat with McAbd
Contraindications: