Antibiotics

Question 1

Erythromycin, clarythromycin, azithromycin

Answer 1

Class: macrolides
MoA: 50S subunit, bacteriostatic
Use: broad spectrum
Dose:
SE: QTc prolongation = SVT / torsades de pointes (MG)
Contraindication:

Question 2

Amoxicillin, Penicillin V, flucloxacillin, benzylpenicillin

Answer 2

Class: penicillins
MoA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis due to ß-lactam
Use:
Dose: 250 or 500mg
SEs:
Contraindications: (safe in pregnancy)

Question 3

Gentamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

Answer 3

Class: aminoglycsides
MoA: 30S
Use: Gm-ve, TB 2nd line
Dose: IV, nebs
SE: nephrotoxic
Contraindication:

Question 4

Tazocin

Question 5

Metaclopramide

Question 6

Vancomycin, oritavancin, telavancin, teicoplanin, dalbavancin

Answer 6

Class:
MoA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis via glycopeptides
Use: narrow spectrum
Dose: IV
SE: cataracts
Contraindication: (safe in pregnancy)

Question 7

What Abx are used for Gm-ve bacilli?
(FP CCC)

Answer 7

Broad spectrum:

• fluoroquinolones
• PTZ
• co-amox
• cephalosporins
• carbapenems

Question 8

What Abx are used to treat Gm+ve cocci?

Answer 8

• penicillins
• vancomycin
• daptomycin
• linezolid

Question 9

Cefuroxime, ceftaxime, ceftazidime

Answer 9

Class: cephalosporins
MoA: ß-lactam
Use: broad spectrum
Dose:
SE:
Contraindication: (safe in pregnancy)

Question 10

Meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem

Answer 10

Class: carbapenems
MoA: ß-lactam
Use: broad spectrum
Dose: IV
SE:
Contraindication: AMR - klebsiella pneumoniae, E.coli, enterobacter cloacae (safe in pregnancy)

Question 11

Aztreonam

Answer 11

Class: monobactam
MoA: ß-lactam
Use:
Dose:
SE:
Contraindication:

Question 12

Colistin

Answer 12

Class:
MoA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis via polymyxins
Use:
Dose:
SE:
Contraindication: Chinese? Used often in Chinese agriculture = AMR risk

Question 13

Acetazolamide, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP)

Answer 13

Class: sulphonamides (+ TMP)
MoA: inhibition of folate synthesis, bacteriostatic
Use: broad spectrum, for synergistic effect
Dose:
SE:
Contraindication: pregnancy

Question 14

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatafloxacin

Answer 14

Class: quinolones, 3rd gen cephalosporins
MoA: inhibit DNA gyrase
Use:
Dose:
SE: too many prescribed = C.diff
Contraindication: epilepsy (reduces seizure threshold)

Question 15

Rifampicin

Answer 15

Class: rifamycins
MoA: inhibit RNA polymerase
Use: TB, prosthetic joint infections
Dose:
SE: liver
Contraindication: NOT used alone as low genetic barrier (safe in pregnancy)

Question 16

Clindamycin

Answer 16

Class: lincosamide
MoA: 50S
Use: Gm+ve, anaerobic
Dose: (bacteriostatic/cidal)
SE:
Contraindication:

Question 17

Linezolid

Answer 17

Class: oxazolidinones
MoA: 50S, bacteriostatic
Use: Gm+ve
Dose:
SE:
Contraindication:

Question 18

Chloramphenicol

Answer 18

Class: chloramphenicol
MoA: 50S, bacteriostatic
Use: broad spectrum
Dose: topical
SE: CNS penetration
Contraindication:

Question 19

Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

Answer 19

Class: tetracyclines
MoA: 30S, bacteriostatic
Use: broad spectrum
Dose:
SE: dental
Contraindication: BF, pregnancy, children

Question 20

Trimethoprim

Answer 20

First line for UTI unless pregnant (teratogenic)
-7d course in males as rare