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Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

CAD Risk factor
( Family History )
Very important two points

A
  1. First degree Family History ( Mother , Father , siblings )
  2. They Presented in young age Men.55 / Women.65.
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2
Q

Cardiac Chest pain Features

A 
Dull
Pressure like
Squeezing
Burning 
Tight 
Heaviness 
Aching
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3
Q

Cardiac Chest Pain Is not

A 
NOT Tender 
NOT Positional ( means not changing with positions)
NOT Pleuritic 
NOT Sharp 
NOT knife like or pinpoint like 
NOT lasting Few seconds
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4
Q

ACS duration of the chest pain is

A

10-30 Minutes

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5
Q

Fever + Chest pain

A

Pneumonia

PE ( clotting factors gives fever )

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6
Q

Unequal BP in both arms

A

Aortic dissection Diagnosed with CXR which showed widened mediastinum
Confirmed TEE

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7
Q

First Diagnostic test for Cardiac chest pain

A

EKG

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8
Q

When To do Cardiac enzymes

A

ACUTE PAIN ONLY
Not clinic - if he is in the clinic send him to the ER
Not chronic

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9
Q

Exercise tolerance test ( ETT ) Indication

A

When the EKG is not diagnostic comes normal and the patient still have chest pain

Two Things think about them

  1. The patient can exercise ( No fracture )
  2. You can read the EKG in the Tolerance test “ Like no pathologies that prevent you from reading it Like Digoxin use , Pacemaker , Left bundle branch block .. etc
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10
Q

Maximum heart rate

A

220-Age

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11
Q

Chronic Chest pain - Do Exercise tolerance test EKG

You Cannot read EKG ?

A
  1. Nuclear Isotope scan ( Thallium or Sestamibi ).

2. Do Echo for wall motion abnormalities.

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12
Q

Chronic Chest pain - Do Excersice tolerance test EKG

Cannot Exercise??

A
  1. Persantine ( Diperidamole ) or adenosine with Isotope scan
  2. Dobutamine with Echo
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13
Q

When You can’t Use Dipyridamole ?

A

Asthmatic

caffeine

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14
Q

Dobutamine with Echo contraindications :

A
  • severe HTN
  • LV outflow obstruction
  • Ventricular arrhythmia
    + HOLD B-Blockers before the test
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15
Q

ST deprresion on EGK means

A

Ischemia NOT Infarction

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16
Q

TX

  1. ST - Elevation
  2. ST - Depression
A
  1. Aspirin + Antiplatelets + Angioplasty

2. Aspirin + Antiplatelets + LMWH

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17
Q

Holter Monitor For

A

Rhythm Problems NOT ISCHEMIA

Can be for 1 day - 3 days Max

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18
Q

Surgically corrected stenosis after Angiography

A

If the stenosis 70% and Above

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19
Q

The Typical cardiac chest pain

A

With exertion
Relieved by rest
Location is substernal/ Retrosternal
Associated with nausea

20
Q

Pleuritic chest pain causes

A

Pneumonia
PE
Pneumothorax

21
Q

Drugs Lower mortality in ACS

The A and B

A

Aspirin

B-Blocker

22
Q

Cardiac catheterization complications

A 
Hematoma ( Local or retroperitoneal )
Arterial dissection 
Acute thrombosis 
Pseudo aneurysm 
AV Fistula
23
Q

Least complications post cath is with

A

Radial artery approach

24
Q

Side effect of Both Ace and ARB

25
Q

Statin side effect

A

Rhabdomyolysis - Myositis - High CPK level

Liver dysfunction - High Transaminases

26
Q

CCB decrease mortality in

A

HTN only not CAD

27
Q

CCB Side effects
Dipines
Verapamil

A

Increase the heart rate
Edema
Constipation for verapa

28
Q

When you use CCB

A

Asthmatics where you can’t use B-Blockers
Prinzmental angina
Cocaine induced chest pain

29
Q

The cardiac marker for Re-infarction

30
Q

Door to Baloon time

A

90 minutes

31
Q

Erectile dysfunction post MI from Which Med ?

32
Q

Post MI no pulse .

Causes

A

Temponade or wall rupture

Ventricular Fibrillation

33
Q

S3 gallop

S4 gallop

A

Heart failure

Acute Coronary Syndrome

34
Q

Trans thoracic Echo

Trans Esophgeal Echo

A

EF evaluation

Valve evaluation

35
Q

if you have HF you Must do

EF assessment

A 
Initially do Trans-Thoracic Echo 
Best Test for Ejection fraction :
MUGA test ( nuclear ventriculography )
36
Q

Tx of High K with ACE and ARB

A

Add Patiromer

Switch the ACE with ( Hydralazine/Nitrates ) combined

37
Q

B-blockers for HF

A

Metoprolol
Carvedilol
Bisoprolol

38
Q

Tx of The Gynacomastia by spironolactone

A

Switch to Eplerenone

39
Q

Persistent Dyspnea after all tx of HF is treated with

A
  1. Ivabradine. “ Cause Visual symptoms “
  2. Hydrlazine/ Nitrates .
  3. Sacubitril/ Valsartan”ARB” .
40
Q

Which Medication Increasethe obstruction in HCOM

41
Q

Hyperventilation is which Acid-base ?

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

Co2 is Acid , With Hyperventilating co2 goes out - less co2 means alkalosis

42
Q

All forms of Regurgitations lesion will respond well to

A

VASODILATORS:
ACE , ARB
Nifedipine
Hydralazine

43
Q

Rate control medications

A

Digoxin
B-Blockers
Diltiazem / Verapamil

44
Q

Warfarin Use

A

Metal Heart Valve

Mitral stenosis with Atrial fibrillation

45
Q

Things increase the venous return

Decrease

A 
Squat 
Leg raise 
Inhalation 
-
Valsava
Standing 
Exhalation

Medicine Revision (5 decks)

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