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Helena's finals > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

PR depression

A

Pericarditis

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2
Q

Chadvasc vs Hasbled

A

Scores after MI
Chadvasc - start anticoagulants
Hasbled - risk factors not to anticoagulatoon

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3
Q

Calcium chloride vs glutinate in hyperkalaemia

A

Calcium chloride contains about 3 times more elemental calcium than an equal volume of calcium gluconate. Therefore, when hyperkalaemia is accompanied by haemodynamic compromise, calcium chloride is preferred.

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4
Q

patient had PCI for MI but is now complaining of worsening chest pain

A

a few hours post PCI suggest the procedure has failed and that myocardial ischaemia is ongoing.

If patients treated with PCI for MI are experiencing pain or haemodynamic instability post PCI, urgent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is recommended.

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5
Q

just started warfarin + bruise

A

skin necrosis is a side effect
occurs within first 10 days of warfarin + INR is in therapeutic range
initially, warfarin is procoagulant so should be taken with heparin

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6
Q

caution with warfarin in what diseases/ drugs

A

liver disease
P450 inhibitors: amiodarone, ciprofloxacin
cranberry juice
NSAIDs- displace warfarin from albumin

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7
Q

raynaud’s + ischaemic limb disease

A

Beurger’s disease aka. thromboangiitis obliterans.

  • small and medium vessel vasculitis
  • smoking
  • ischaemic ulcers
  • intermittent claudication
  • Raynaud’s
  • superficial thrombophlebitis
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8
Q

gold standard test for pulmonary HTN?

A

right heart catheterization for pressures with Swan-Ganz catheter

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9
Q

what special test do you do in peripheral vascular disease

A

Buerger’s Test - elevate legs and look at angle it goes pale

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10
Q

ABPI cut off for critical limb ischaemia

A

ABPI<0.8 is critical - do not apply pressure bandage or worsen ischaemia!!!!

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11
Q

orthostatic hypotension treatment

A

fludocortisone

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12
Q

hypokalaemia ECG features

A

U waves, small/absent T waves, prolonged PR, ST depression, long QT

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13
Q

hypothermia ECG features

A

bradycardia, J wave, first degree heart block, long QT, arrythmias

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14
Q

what two very common cardiac drugs should not be used together because they cause severe bradycardia

A

verapmil, b-blockers

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15
Q

Eye findings infective endocarditis

A

Roth spots

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16
Q

Blood cultures INf endocarditis

A

3 cultures
From 3 sites
2 before abx

17
Q

Acute infective endocarditis

A

Pseudomonas

Staph Aureus

18
Q

Infective endocarditis symptoms

A 
Myalgia
Septic arthritis
Poly arthritis 
Splenomegaly
Heart failure
PE
Stroke
Critical limb ischaemia
19
Q

ABPI vessels used

A

Anterior and posterior tibial artery —— find using Doppler probe

Brachial artery

20
Q

Signs of acute limb ischaemia

A

Unilateral 6Ps

Pain
Pale
Pulseless
Paraesthesia

Poikilothermia — adapt to environment either freezing or warm
Paralysis

21
Q

Causes of acute limb ischaemia

A

Thrombotic
Emboli
Trauma
Iatrogenic - stop taking anticoagulants

22
Q

Organism rheumatic fever

A

Group A
Beta- haemolytic
Streptococcus

23
Q

Criteria for infective endocarditis vs rheumatic fever

A

Modified Duke’s (IE)

Modified Jones (rheum f)

24
Q

Indications for heart surgery in infective endocarditis or rheum fever

A

Severe carditis

Severe valvular incompetence causing heart failure

25
Q

Streptococcal rheumatic fever treatment

A

Admit and bed rest
IM benzypenicillin 1.2grams stat
Oral penicillin 10 days

Depending on severity of murmur patients may require long term/ lifelong (after surgery) antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrence That could result in cardiac damage

Long term = 10 years/ until age 25
Lifelong = severe valve damage or surgery was needed

26
Q

Ecg pericarditis

A

Widespread shaped ST elevation in leads where qrs complex is positive

27
Q

IX for pericarditis

A

Serial ECGs
- widespread saddle ST elevation

Echocardiogram
- pericardial effusion

Troponin

  • is the pericarditis secondary to a silent MI
  • trop may be elevated if there is concurrent myocarditis
28
Q

Mx pericarditis

A

NSAIDs

29
Q

Pericardial effusion vs congestive HF

A

Both have cardiomegaly

CHF had pulmonary congestion (especially in hila)

Raised JVP in CHF or if pericardial tamponade

Helena's finals (22 decks)

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