Cardiology Flashcards
Where does the vascular supply of a lobar sequestration usually arise from?
The aorta
What is the name of an anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery branch from the ascending aorta?
Hermitruncus arteriosus
Rendu-Osler weber syndrome is related to what cardiac abnormality?
A-v malformations (hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia)
What percentage of CHD at term are VSDs?
30-60% (excluding 3-5% of small musc)
What happens to the second heart sound in Pulmonary HTN?
Loud pulmonary component of S2
Cyanosis with exercise by 5-6 years old with a VSD is called?
Eisenmenger syndrome (reversal of shunt)
Septal and posterior leaflets Tricuspid valve displaced towards apex RV in
Massive cardiomegaly on cxr (dilated RA and RV)
Ebstein anomaly
If WPW can’t comment on hypertrophy
Typical ECG findings inASD?
R axis, rvh, typical rsR or rSR pattern right praetor dial leads and S waves in inferior leads notched
Mid Diastolic low pitched rumble at apex with severe AR called
Austin Flint murmur
Shone syndrome
4
CoA
AS
Parachute mitral valve
Mitral ring (supravalvular mitral membrane)
Fontan procedure
Palliative
Ross procedure
AS
Size of aaS when operate if a symptomatic
0.65cm2/m2 body surface area (normal 2cm)
Noonan syndrome cardiac defect
Specific form of eccentric subaortic stenosis
Asymmetric septal hypertropy ( other hocm and hcm and ihss)
Dominant with variable expression
Cardiac defect assoc with Williams syndrome
Supraaortic stenosis
CoA assoc cxr feat and what genetic syndrome
Turners
3 sign and dilated aorta
Glenn shunt in what cardiac lesion?
Tricuspid obstruction
Takayasu disease
Aortic vascular is Asian 10-30 y
Ps in which syndrome
Noonans
Pulm branch stenosis
Allagille syndrome and rubella syndrome
Four components of tetralogy of fallot
Right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, vsd, dextroposition of aorta and RVH
Tetralogy of fallot cxr
Boot shaped heart with dilated asc aorta
Tetralogy of fallot management
Pg2..O2, Treat iron def up to hct 55, tet spell treat with positions (squat or tummy with knees up) and morphine and surgery ~4 months (if not for surg then propranolol)
Taussig-bing anomaly
DORV and VSD
Transposition of great arteries cxr finding
Egg on string
Three week old baby with cyanosis, heart failure, wide pulse pressure, bounding pulses, loud second heart sound
Truncus arteriosis
Di George
22q11
Accessory pathways
Mahaim pathway, bundle of Kent, atrifasicular connections
Adam stokes attacks
Arrhythmia induced syncope
Innocent murmur names
Stills murmur, pulmonary flow murmur, venous hum, physiological periph plum stenosis with anaemia
Pulmonary hypertension definition
Mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater then 25mmHg or greater than 30 with exercise
Libman sacks endocarditis
Non bacterial such as in SLE
Cardiomyopathy
Duschenne and Becker muscular dystrophy
HACEK organisms cause IE
Haemophilus actinobacillus cardiobacterium eikenella and Kingella
Pickwickian syndrome
Obesity hypo ventilation syndrome
Jeune syndrome
Dwarf
Small chest with short ribs
Acromelia
Scimitar syndrome cardiac defect
PAPVR
Bernoulli equation
Pressure density velocity and constant
Mir primary imaging modality for what
Ventricular volume measurement and semilunar valve insufficiency
Cardiac catheter primary test for what
Evaluating complex physiology in children with abnormal pulmonary vascularure resistance and reactivity, complex single ventricle anatomy, multiple obstructions in r or l heart or lesions pulm arteries not seen on other imaging
Diagnostic catheterisation measures?
O2 seats and pressures (saturation vary little through R heart 5% indicates shunt ( gold standard)
Cardiac catheter seats right and left heart?
Right 65-80% and left 95-98%
Ficus method calculation
Qi = VO2/(Cpv-Cpa)
Vascular resistance equation
Rp = (mean PA pressure - PV or LA pressure)/Qp Rs = (mean Ao pressure -?mean RA pressure)/Qs
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: alagille
Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: velocardiofacial/22q11 deletion
Conotruncal: interupted aortic arch (50%), truncus, ToF (35%), VSD, pulm atresia, pda,R aortic arch, vascular ring
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: Williams
Supra valvular - AS, PA stenosis
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: Noonan
PS (dystrophic valve)
HOCM (superior axis)
Assoc with chylothorax
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: turners
Aortic root dilation, bicuspid AV, COA
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: Frederick ataxia
HOCM
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: NF1
PS and CoA
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: downs
AVSD, VSD, ASD, ToF
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: charge syndrome
Conotuncal
TOF, VSd, ASD, PDA, AVSD
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: vacterl
VSD
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: congenital rubella
PDA, PA stenosis
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: trisomy 13 and 18
ASD, VSD, PDA, CoA, bi AoV
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: Ethes danlos
Aneurysm all incl aorta and carotids
Syndromes and cardiac lesions: kartageners
Dextrocardia
When to close ASD or VSD
QP:Qs> 2;1
Osmium primum unlikely to close
Eisenmenger’s
Pulm HTN and Change to R to L shunt
PDA cardiomegaly due to
Pressure loading LV
Truncus arteriosis assoc with
22q11 deletions
What to never use in WPW
Digoxin or verapamil
HOCM in two syndromes
Pompe
Noonan
Cyanosed at higher stats with
Polycythaemia
Endocarditis prophylaxis in
Unrepaired cyanotic
Hypocalcaemia ECG changes
Prolonged ST and QT interval
Short in hyper
Long QT congenital and treatment and media to avoid
Congenital affects outflow of K
Tornadoes
Beta block
Avoid TCA, macrolide, antipsychotic and antifungal