CARDIOLOGY

Question 1

How would you interpret and ECG

Answer 1

Rate - 300/ no if big squares, of rhythm strip x 6 if irregular
Rhythm - sinus rhythm - p waves? Flutter? AF?
Axis
Complexes

Question 2

How can you determine heart axis from the ECG

Answer 2

Remember down, up, up for lead one.
Look at Lead 1 + aVF
R axis - Lead 1, QRS inverted, AvF positive
Normal - Lead 1, QRS positive, AvF positive
L axis - Lead 1, QRS positive, AvF negative

Question 3

How can you determine HR from the ECG

Answer 3

300/ no of big squares between QRS

Rhythm strip if irregular

Question 4

List the different types of supraventricular tachycardias

Answer 4

Atrial tachycardia 
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Paroxysmal SVT 
Accessory pathways

Question 5

What are the causes of heart block

What is heart block

Answer 5

Coronary artery disease
Cardiomyopathy
Fibrous tissue in conducting pathway
Heart block is when there is a delay in the conduction system of the heart somewhere. Can be above (First, second, third degree heart block) AV node or below (bundle branch block).

Question 6

What ECG findings indicates pericarditis

Answer 6

Saddle ST segment