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PGY-3 and 4 > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Elevated BP in Kids less than 13

A
  • 90th percentile to less than 95th percentile
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2
Q

Elevated BP in Kids more than 13

A

120-129/80

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3
Q

Stage 1 HTN in Kids less than 13

A
  • 95th percentile to 95 + 12 mmHg
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4
Q

Stage 1 HTN in Kids more than 13

A

130/80 to 139/89

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5
Q

Stage 2 HTN in Kids less than 13

A
  • 95th percentile + 12 or more
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6
Q

Stage 2 HTN in Kids more than 13

A

more than 140/90

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7
Q

ASDs- murmur

A

mid-systolic murmur in pulmonary area (similar to pulm stenosis)
fixed split S2 (delayed closure of pulm valve)
diastolic murmur at LLSB (tricuspid valve)

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8
Q

ASDs and typical age for closure

A

3-4

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9
Q

ASD closure in adults

A

Right sided heart dilation
symptoms of dyspnea
Qp:Qs >1.5:1

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10
Q

ASD differential

A

isolated anomalous pulmonary venous connection (looks identical on TTE)

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11
Q

Worrisome about ASD In adults??

A

paradoxical embolism

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12
Q

Risk of ASD, including when closed…

A

atrial fibrillation

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13
Q

VSD murmur

A

pansystolic over LLSB

can have mid diastolic rumble at apex (across mitral valve)

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14
Q

VSD size

A

related to AV area

small is 1/3, moderate 1/3 to 2/3, large is >2/3

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15
Q

Pulmonary Stenosis Murmur

A

SEM

Click (mild or moderate stenosis) at LLSB or LUSB, louder with exhalation

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16
Q

Diagnosis of Pericarditis (MKSAP)

A

2 of the following

  • typical chest pain
  • pericardial friction rub
  • EKG findings
  • pericardial effusion
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17
Q

Coarctation of Aorta - classic findings

A

HTN in upper extremities
radial to femoral artery delay
rib notching on x-ray

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18
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

VSD
Overriding aortic arch
RV outflow obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
RVH

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19
Q

Pulm HTN Group 1

A

pulmonary arterial HTN

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20
Q

Pulm HTN Group 2

A

Left heart disease

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21
Q

Pulm HTN Group 3

A

Lung disease and/or hypoxia

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22
Q

Pulm HTN Group 4

A

Chronic thromboemobolic pulm HTN

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23
Q

Pulm HTN Group 5

A

Multifactorial

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24
Q

Aortic Stenosis related bleeding diathesis

A

acquired von Willebrand syndrome

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25
Further evaluation for patients with WPW
stress test | normalization of QRS indicates low risk for SCD
26
AE ticagrelor
dyspnea
27
P2Y12 Blockers in STEMI
PCI- ticagrelor (brilinta) or prasugrel (effient) Fibrinolytics- clopidogrel No intervention- ticagrelor
28
normal capillary wedge pressure
8-12 mmHg
29
Elevated JVP
3-4 cm above sternal angle | or 7-8 above RA
30
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - Features
underdeveloped left ventricle underdeveloped aorta PDA dependent ASD
31
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - Procedures
Norwood --> Glenn --> Fontan
32
Norwood Procedure
1st procedure Neoaorta from main pulmonary artery tissue RV to PA conduit
33
Glenn Procedure
2nd procedure anastomose SVC to pulm arterial system take down conduit
34
Fontan Procedure
3rd procedure | connect IVC to pulm arterial system
35
Two continuous murmurs in pediatrics
PDA | venous hum
36
WPW- What are the TWO consequences
1) SVT | 2) Sudden Cardiac Death
37
DAPT
6 months after drug-eluting stent 12 months after CABG 1 year after ACS
38
Normal Axis
Positive, upright in I and AvF | 0-90
39
LAD
Positive in I, negative AvF
40
RAD
Negative in I, positive in AvF
41
Extreme RAD
Negative in I and Avf
42
Small and Large Blocks on EKG
.04 sec and .2 sec
43
Sinus rhythm
upright P wave in I, II and inverted in aVr | Positive QRS in I, II, AvF
44
TOF Repair
VSD Repair | Transannular patch to relieve pulmonary stenosis
45
TOF Murmur
harsh SEM over pulm area 2/2 pulmonary stenosis
46
Tet Spell- Physiology
increased pulmonary vascular resistance and increased HR | decrease ventricular filling and pulmonary flow
47
Tet Spell - Treatment
``` Increase SVR (knees to chest) oxygen IV bolus IV BB phenylephrine ```
48
Pulmonary Stenosis Murmur
SEM | Click (mild or moderate stenosis) at LLSB or LUSB, louder with exhalation
49
PDA Murmur
loud systolic (continuous machinery) at left precordium
50
Eisenmenger Syndrome
severe pulmonary HTN from reversal of shunt (now R to left)
51
LBBB
large S wave (rS) in V1 | R in V6 (short bunny ears)
52
Mitral Regurgitation Murmur
- holosystolic at apex | - can be preceded by clicks (think MVP)
53
CHD associated with DiGeorge Syndrome
Truncus Arteriosus
54
precordial catch syndrome
short stabbing pains in chest often with inspiration possibly due to irritation of an intercostal nerve
55
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy- features/pathology
Left ventricular hypertrophy (with normal or small ventricle size) Diastolic Dysfunction Can Have - LV outflow obstruction - Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
56
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Murmur
systolic ejection murmur at LLSB or apex (think similar to aortic stenosis since its LVOT) increase with Valsalva or standing decrease with squat, hand grip, leg elevation
57
HCM First Line Treatment
Beta Blockers
58
Aortic Stenosis Murmur
``` SEM Click (mild or moderate stenosis) at apex and RUSB, no change with respirations ```
59
CoA/IAA Murmur
Harsh systolic murmur, loudest over the back/infraclavicular region
60
Adult Aortic Coarc Murmurs
1) systolic, continuous murmur in left infraclavicular region or over back 2) murmurs from intercostal vessels over chest wall
61
Figure 3 Signs in Coarcs
dilation of area below and above coarct
62
Rib Notching in Coarcs
dilation of intercostal collateral arteries
63
High Intensity Statin
atorva 40-80 | rosuva 20-40
64
Indications of low cardiac output in shock
narrow pulse pressure cool extremities delayed cap refill
65
Indications of high cardiac output in shock
wide pulse pressure +/- low diastolic pressure warm extremities bounding pulses
66
Pericarditis --> CAUSES
viral or post viral (entero, adeno, parvo) TB Lyme Immune (JIA, KD)
67
Pericarditis Treatment
NSAIDS | sometimes colchicine
68
Myocarditis --> CAUSES
enterovirus (coxsackie) is classic Lyme dz Chagas/trypanosma cruzi in developed world Duchene Muscular Dystrophy
69
Myocarditis Treatment
Supportive + HF therapy | can sometimes consider IVIG, immunosuppression
70
Myocarditis Complication/Progression
chronic dilated cardiomyopathy (CDM)
71
Vessels of the Aortic Arch
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
72
How to Discern Left vs Right Sided Aortic Arch
trachea on the left versus the right

PGY-3 and 4 (13 decks)

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