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Onlinemeded > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

When is angioplasty needed for acute treatment in myocardio infarction? What blood thinner is given?

A

No clopidogrel needed, ASA is given. Single vessel disease.

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2
Q

What are the first treatment in myocardial infarction?

A

Aspirin and nitrates

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3
Q

What procedures are done for patients who have single vessel disease? Describe its clopidogrel use?

A

Angioplastic, bare metal stent, drug eluding stent. No clopidogrel needed, clopidogrel for 1 month, for one year

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4
Q

How much time do you have for door to balloon?

A

90 minutes

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5
Q

What drug is equivalent to clopidogrel?

A

Prasugrel

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6
Q

When is TPA given to patient with my cardio infarction?

A

No PCI is available within 90 minutes transport time

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7
Q

When is CABG done?

A

Multivessel disease or left main stem equivalent

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8
Q

For patients with coronary artery disease what drug is given to lower the heart rate? What should the heart rate be?

A

Beta blocker, less than 70

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9
Q

What are the credit treatments for coronary artery disease?

A

Beta blocker, ASA, Clopidogrel, ACEi, Statins

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10
Q

What are the three types of imaging for stress testing? What are the two types of stress testing?

A

EKG, Echo, Nuclear; Exercise, Pharm

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11
Q

What can be use for pharmaceutical stress testing?

A

Dobutamine or adenosine

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12
Q

What are the complication for MI? How are they diagnosed? What drug should not be given?

A

Right ventricle failure, right-sided ECG no nitrates should be given.
Aneurysm, diagnosed by Echo. Arrhythmia VTach/V fib ventricular tech copy from dying cells. Brady/blocks - AV nodal dysfunction

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13
Q

How do you patients with left sided heart failure present? Right sided?

A

Pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, crackles, dyspnea on exertion, Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, S3; Abdominal pain, JVD, peripheral Edema

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14
Q

What are the three ways that systolic heart failure can occur?

A

Chronic damage, ischemic damage, valvular damage.

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15
Q

What are the three sources for diastolic heart failure?

A

Pericardium, restrictive, hypertrophic cardio myopathy.

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16
Q

What are the two types of pericardium diastolic heart failure?

A

Tampanode, constrictive pericarditis

17
Q

Explain class III and 4 of CHF?

A

Comfortable at rest only, Dyspneic at rest

18
Q

What is the test of choice for congestive heart failure diagnosis? Why?

A

2-D echo, ejection fraction, Valve lesions

19
Q

What are the shortcomings for BNP?

A

Cannot discern between the left or right heart failure or diastolic or systolic heart.

20
Q

What is is the treatment for congestive heart failure

A

Beta blocker, ACEi, salt restriction less than 2 g, fluid restriction 2 L; if ischemic ad aspirin and Statin

21
Q

For patients with congestive heart failure and a ejection fraction of less than 35% what should be given?

A

AICD

22
Q

Where is given Treatment for class one CHF patients? Class to? Class III? Class IV?

A

BBs, ACEI; Loop diuretics; BiDil (hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate), Spirolactone; Pressors

23
Q

How should diastolic congestive heart failure be treated? Systolic?

A

Beta blockers; NYHA stage

24
Q

How is congestive heart failure diagnosed?

A

BNP then echo. Left Ventriculogram is the best test

25
Q

What are the causes for congestive heart failure exacerbation?

A

Arrhythmia, ischemia, diet non-compliance, medication non-compliance

26
Q

How is the congestive heart failure exacerbations diagnosed?

A

BNP elevations equal exacerbations.

ECG and the troponins facilitate the etiology. Echocardiogram is not necessary on exacerbations

27
Q

What is the treatment for congestive heart failure exacerbation?

A

IV Furosemide, Nitrates, Oxygen, upright position, Morphine

28
Q

What is the best test for valvular murmur diagnosis? Why?

A

TEE, Not off the needed.

Cath is the best test because can give actual numerical evaluations.

29
Q

What’s the primary cause for mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatic heart disease

30
Q

How would the patient present?

A

AFib with CHF symptoms

31
Q

What are the acute causes for mitral regurgitation?

A

Infarction or infection

32
Q

What is the difference in presentation from a patient who has a cute as a post to chronic mitral regurgitation?

A

Acute patients will present with fulminant CHF , hypoxemia and hypotension.
Chronic patients with AFib, Exertional dyspnea

Onlinemeded (6 decks)

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