Cardiology Flashcards
Opening Snap
Mitral Stenosis
Mid-Systolic Click
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Pulsus Tardus
Aortic Stenosis
Pulsus Paradoxus
Cardiac Tamponade, SVC obs, Pulm obs
Canon ‘a’ waves
Complete Heart Block, VTach
Large ‘a’ waves
Tricuspid Stenosis, Pulmonic Stenosis, RVH
Rapid ‘x’ descent
Cardiac Tamponade, Constrictive Pericarditis
Large ‘v’ waves
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Rapid ‘y’ descent
Constrictive Pericarditis
Rapid ‘x’ and ‘y’ descent
Constrictive Pericarditis
A2 before P2
Physiologic Splitting of S2 (During Inspiration)
Single S2 during expiration
Physiologic
P2 before A2
Paradoxic Splitting of S2
Paradoxic Splitting of S2
Aortic Stenosis, LBBB, HTN
Fixed Splitting of S2
Atrial Septal Defect
Calcified Aortic Stenosis
Single S2 with Soft A2
Loud A2
HTN
Loud P2
Pulmonary HTN
Pulsus Bisferiens
HOCM
Pulsus Alternans
Severe CHF
Hyperkinetic Pulse
High Output States: PDA, Thyrotoxicosis
Hypokinetic Pulse
Low Output States
Right 2nd IC Space
Aortic Stenosis, Aortic Insufficiency/Regurgitation
Left 2nd IC Space
Pulmonic Stenosis, Pulmonic Regurgitation, PDA
Left 3rd IC Space
PDA
Apex
Mitral Stenosis, Mitral Regurgitation
Left Lower Sternal Border
Tricuspid Stenosis, Tricuspid Regurgitation, ASD, VSD, HOCM
Murmurs from Outflow from Ventricles
Systolic Murmurs
Holosystolic Murmur
Mitral Regurtitation, Tricuspid Regurgitation (AV valves)
Mid-Systolic Murmur
Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonic Stenosis (V Valves)
Late-Systolic Murmur
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Murmurs from Inflow to Ventricles
Diastolic Murmurs
Mid-Diastolic Murmur
Mitral Stenosis, Tricuspid Stenosis (AV Valves)
Early-Diastolic Murmur
Aortic Regurgitation, Pulmonic Regurgitation (V Valves)
Continuous Murmur
PDA
Normal Right Atrial Pressure
0-5
Normal Right Ventricular Pressure
13-28/0-5
Normal Pulmonary Arterial Pressure
12-28/3-13
Normal PCWP
3-12
Conditions with High PCWP
Left Heart Disease (MS, MR, AS, AR, LV dysfunction such as AWMI)
Conditions with Normal PCWP
Right Heart Disease (RV Infarct, PE, Pulm HTN)
Normal PCWP, Normal PAP, High RA/RV pressures
RV Infarct
High RA/RV & PAP, VERY High PCWP
LV Infarct
High but Equal Pressures on Swan-Ganz
Cardiac Tamponade