Cardiology

Question 1

Most common congenital heart defect likely to be found in adulthood?

Answer 1

Atrial septal defect

Question 2

Name 2 types of atrial septal defect and which one of these is most common?

Answer 2

Ostium secundum (most common 70%) and
Ostium primum

Question 3

Which ASD is associated with Holt-Oram syndrome (tri-pharyngeal thumbs)?

Answer 3

Ostium secundum

Question 4

Ostium secundum ECG findings?

Answer 4

RBBB and right axis deviation

Question 5

Ostium primum ECG findings?

Answer 5

RBBB and left axis deviation

Prolonged PR interval

Question 6

What other heart defect is ostium primum associated with?

Answer 6

Abnormal AV valves

Question 7

Mortality of atrial septal defects?

Answer 7

Carry a high mortality, 50% patients are dead at 50 years

Question 8

A 25 year old female is found to have a left hemiparesis following a DVT. An ECG shows RBBB with right axis deviation. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?

Answer 8

Ostium secundum atrial septal defect

Question 9

ECG hyperkalaemia

Answer 9

Tented T waves
QRS gets longer
P waves eventually disappear

Question 10

WiLLiaM MarroW

Answer 10

LBBB - W in lead 1, M in lead 6

RBBB - M in lead 1, W in lead 6

Question 11

A 26 year old has palpitations. ECG shows a shortened PR interval and wide QRS complexes associated with a slurred upstroke seen in lead II. What is this condition and what is the definitive management?

Answer 11

Wolf Parkinson White
Definitive treatment - accessory pathway ablation

(medical treatment - sotalol, amiodarone, flecainide)

Wide QRS complexes with a slurred upstroke - ‘delta wave’

Question 12

Following ischaemic heart disease, who should take aspirin?

Answer 12

All patients should take aspirin if there is no contraindication