Cardiology

Question 1

Initial treatment for supra ventricular tachycardias

Answer 1

Metoprolol, verapamil and Adenosine

Question 2

Initial treatment for stable ventricular tachycardia

Answer 2

IV amiodarone!!!

Question 3

Treatment for myocardial infarct or unstable angina: initial and others

Answer 3

Initial: aspirin, nitroglycerin, oxygen.
Other: beta blocker, clopidogrel, heparin (infractionated or low molecular weight) and a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor. And ACEi or ARB should be given as well
Morphine should be given to control pain also help with breathing

Question 4

What population is at risk for silent MI

Answer 4

Diabetic patients with neuropathy

Question 5

Who should receive endocarditis prophylaxis with dental procedures

Answer 5

Prosthetic cardiac valves, previous infectious endocarditis, congenital heart disease and cardiac transplant patients who develop valvulopathy
An antibiotic for prophylaxis should be administered in a single dose before the procedure. Amoxicillin is the preferred choice.

Question 6

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 6

Amyliodosis, sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis or myocardial fibroelastosis

Question 7

Treatment for Constrictive pericarditis

Answer 7

Remove the pericardium

Question 8

Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

ABCD

Alcohol, beriberi (thiamine), coxaskie, doxorubicin

Question 9

What should you do avoid is first-degree block

Answer 9

Avoid beta blockers and calcium channel blocker both can slow conduction

Question 10

Treatment for Mobitz type 1; type 2

Answer 10

Give atropine or pacemaker in type 1

All type 2 require pacemaker

Question 11

Treatment for 3rd degree block

Answer 11

Pacemaker

Question 12

Treatment for WPW

Answer 12

Procainamde and quinine

WPW is proclaimed queen of arrhythmias

Question 13

Treatment for Ventricular tachycardia

Answer 13

If stable give amiodarone and synchronize cardioversion.

If pulseless treat with him to get information followed by eprinephrine, vasopressin, amiodarone, lidocaine

Question 14

Treatments for ventricular fibrillation

Answer 14

Immediate fibrillation, followed by eprinephrine, vasopressin, amiodarone, lidocaine

Question 15

Treatment for PVCs

Answer 15

Usually not treated.

If severe and symptomatic consider beta blockers or any other

Question 16

Sinus bradycardia

Answer 16

Atropine or pacing if severe

Question 17

EKG findings of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Answer 17

Wide QRS, short PR interval and delta waves (up sloping qrs)

Question 18

How do nitrates reduce pain in ACS

Answer 18

Largely by reducing preload and work of the heart by systemic venodilation
A secondary and less significant mechanism is coronary artery dilation

Question 19

How do you distinguish between benign and pathologic murmurs in children

Answer 19

Maneuvers the decreased venous blood return to the heart (e.g., standing, valsava maneuvers) typically reduce the intensity of in the murmur

Question 20

Drugs to hold before a cardiac stress

Answer 20

Beta blockers, calcium channel blocker’s, nitrates should be held because these are antianginal medications and reduce the extent of ischemia

Question 21

What EKG findings common in hypothermia

Answer 21

Jay wave: a small positive deflection following the QRS complex