Cardiology

Question 0

What is Brugada Syndrome?

Answer 0

Sodium channelopathy.40% familial (autosomal dominant) RBBB with ST elevation in V1-3. Convex and concave ST variants. Risk of sudden death, mandates urgent ICD.

Question 1

What is Wellens Syndrome?

Answer 1

Symmetrical deeply inverted T waves in V2-3 or Biphasic in V2-3 with minimal ST elevation.Changes occur in pain free state and normalise when pain.

From proximal LAD stenosis. Acute Anyerior MI if untreated.

Question 2

What is Wolf-Parkinson White sundrome?

Answer 2

Short PR interval, prolonged QRS delta wave. Risk of vfib vtach. Requires ablation of the pathway.

Question 3

What is Lown Ganong Levine?

Answer 3

Pre- excitation syndromeRe-entrant bundle of AV tissue close to AV node . Accessory pathway is down James fibres.No Delta wave as conduction normal down Bundle of His. Risk of AF being transmitted abherrantly causing VF or VT.Requires ablation of pathway as WPW.

Question 4

What is Romano-Ward syndrome?

Answer 4

Inherited Long QT syndrome (Autosomal dominant)Defect of Na and K channels.Not associated with deafness. Long QT, T wave alternans, notched T wave, R on T phenomenon, Torsades. May require ICD.

Question 5

What is Lange–Neilson and Jervelle syndrome?

Answer 5

Inherited Long QT syndrome. Autosomal recessive defect of Na and K channels.Associated with neurosensorial deafness. Long QT , T wave alternans, notched T wave, R on T phenomenon, Torsades. May need ICD.

Question 6

What is Sgarbossa’s criteria?

Answer 6

MI in LBBB pts.

ST elevation >1mm concordant with QRS complex (5pts), ST depression >1mm in V1-3 (3pts), ST elevation >5mm discordant with QRS 2 points. >3 points consistent with MI.

Question 7

What is Tako Tsubo?

Answer 7

Cardiomyopathy with hypertrophic LV inferior and Hypotrophic superior wall (Octopus jar heart) ECG changes as MI but usually brought on by stressful event.