Cardiology Flashcards

0
Q

what medication lower mortality in systolic dysfunction

A

ACE inhibitors/ARBs
Beta blockers
spironolactone/eplerenone

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1
Q

sytolic dysfunction treatment

A
ACE inhibitors/ ARBS
beta blockers
spironolactone
diuretics
Digoxin
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2
Q

What medications can be used instead of ACE - and ARBS that lowers mortality in patients with systolic dysfunction

A

Hydralazine/nitrates

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3
Q

Device for CHF that lowers mortality in systolic dysfunction

A

implantable defibrillator

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4
Q

Medications used in treatment of diastolic heart failure

A

Beta blocker

Diuretics

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5
Q

treatment of stable angina

A

Aspirin
bet blockers
nitrates

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6
Q

treatment for unstable angina/ non-ST elevation MI

A
aspirin
beta blockers
nitrates
heparin
GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors
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7
Q

Treatment for STEMI

A
aspirin
beta blockers
nitrates
Thrombolytics
heparin (only after thrombolytics)
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8
Q

Indiacations for using thrombolytics

A

STEMI or new LBBB

Start within 12 hours of onset of chest pain and within 30 minutes after arriving to the ER

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9
Q

indications for using clopidogrel or prasugrel

A
  1. Aspirin allergy

2. Acute MI

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10
Q

positive ionotropic agents used in patients with CHF

A

Dobutamine
Amrinone
Milrinone

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11
Q

indications for using implantable defibrillator

A

used in patients whose EF <35%

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12
Q

indications for biventricular pacemaker

A

Used when EF< 35% and QRS above 120msec.

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13
Q

maneuvers that work on preload (venous return)

A

Squatting & leg raise- increases venous return, therefore increases the intensity of murmur

Valsalva and standing up- decreases venous return therefore decreases intensity of the murmurs

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14
Q

maneuvers that work on Afterload

A

Handgrip

Amyl Nitrate

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15
Q

Effect of handgrip on afterload

A

Afterload functions as the opposite of ACE inhibitor (used to treat AR and MR)
-Handgrip increases afterload making AR and MR murmurs worse by pushing blood backward into the heart (increases intensity)

16
Q

what murmurs increase in intensity with handgrip

A

AR, MR and VSD

17
Q

effect on amyl nitrate on afterload

A

amyl nitrate causes vasodilation therefore decreases the intensity of AR, MR and VSD

had opposite affect of handgrip

18
Q

Maneuvers that increase/ decrease HOCM and MVP

A

increased intensity with valsalva, standing and Amyl nitrate

decreased intensity with squatting, leg raise, handgrip

19
Q

effect of handgrip on AS mumur

A

softens the murmur of aortic stenosis

Handgrip increases afterload therefore the ventricle cannot empty out. If the ventricle cannot empty, there wont be a murmur

20
Q

effect of amyl nitrate on AS

A

increases intensity of AS

-amyl nitrate decreases afterload and decreases the pressure in the aorta, thus increasing blood flow from the ventricle to the aorta cause an increase in intensity

21
Q

Treatment for regurgitant murmurs

A

ACE-, ARBs, nifedipine

Diuretics can also be used

22
Q

Management of stenotic murmurs

A

Best initial: Diuretics

anatomic defect therefore balloon valvuloplasty or valve replacement should be performed eventually

23
Q

when is surgery indicated in asymptomatic patients with AR

A

EF 55mm

24
Q

when is surgery indicated in patients with MR

A

EF 40mm

25
Q

best therapy for ASD

A

percutaneous or cath devices

26
Q

murmur associated with pregnancy and immigrants (rheumatic fever)

A

Mitral stenosis

27
Q

Therapy for PAD

A

Aspirin
Ace inhibitors
CILOSTAZOL