Cardiology

Question 1

What level is the transverse thoracic plane?

Answer 1

T4/5

Question 2

What is the thymus?

Answer 2

A gland/lymphoid tissure producing T lymphocytes in childhood but becomes involuted to adipose tissue in adult hood

Question 3

What level does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 3

T4/5 ( at the level of the sternal angle)

Question 4

Name the branches of the thoracic aorta’s anterior surface?

Answer 4

Bronchial
Oesophageal
MEdiastinal
Pericardial
Phrenic

Question 5

Where does the azygous vein branch from?

Answer 5

The superior vena cava

Question 6

What drains into the left venous angle?

Answer 6

Thoracic duct

Question 7

What drains into the right venous angle?

Answer 7

Right lymphatic duct

Question 8

Name the two groups of lymoh nodes in the lung?

Answer 8

Tracheo-bronchial

Bronchopulmonary

Question 9

What is the cisterna chyli?

Answer 9

The swollen start of the thoracic duct in the abdomen

Question 10

Where does the phrenic nerve supply the diaphrgam?

Answer 10

Passes with the IVC into the abdomen and supplies the diaphragm fromt eh inferior aspect

Question 11

Name the reminant of the ductus arteriosis?

Answer 11

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 12

Which nerve is most lateral in the chest?

Answer 12

Phrenic

Question 13

Which is nerve is most medial in the chest?

Answer 13

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 14

What is a central vein?

Answer 14

Close to the heart such that the pressure in them is very similar to the right atrium

Question 15

What is charateristic of the JVP

Answer 15

visable double pulsation
Not palpable
reflects the pressure in the RA
Should be no more than 3 cm above sternal angle

Question 16

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under?

Answer 16

The right subclavian artery

DOES NOT ENTER THE CHEST

Question 17

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under?

Answer 17

Arch of the aorta

DOES ENTER THE CHEST

Question 18

Where do the supraclavicular nerves supply?

Answer 18

C3, C4 dermatome

‘shoulder tip’

Question 19

Why can irritation of the diaphragm give you shoulder tip pain?

Answer 19

The nerves of the phrenic and supraclavicular nerves enter the spinal cord at the same levels so the brain ‘prefers’ the more superficial structure and so feels it as shoulder tip pain

Question 20

What muscles does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?

Answer 20

Muscles of the larynx

Question 21

Where would you insert a needle for pericardiocentesis?

Answer 21

VIa infrasternal angle and directed superioposteriolry, aspirating continuously

Question 22

What is the name of the space which lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?

Answer 22

Transverse pericardial sinus

Question 23

What is the name of the depression in the right atrium of the heart which covers the embryological foramen ovale?

Answer 23

Oval fossa

Question 24

Name the other thing we need to know in the RA but have not been told what it is or anything?

Answer 24

Crista terminalis

Question 25

Which valve is bicuspid?

Answer 25

Mitral

Question 26

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

Answer 26

The right and left aortic sinuses

Question 27

Which valves have papillary muscles?

Answer 27

Mitral and tricuspid

Question 28

What carries fibres of the RBB to the papillary muscle of the anterior cusp?

Answer 28

Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)

Question 29

Where are the chemoreceptor nerve endings in the heart?

Answer 29

Root of the aorta and IV septum

Question 30

What does the postcentral grus of the parital lobe do?

Answer 30

Somatosensory | Body wall sensations are 'felt'

Question 31

What does the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe do?

Answer 31

Somatomotor | Brings about contractions of the body wall

Question 32

In order where are the four common sites of atherosclerosis in the coronoary arteries

Answer 32

1. LAD 2.RCA 3.Circumflex 4/. LCA

Question 33

What is triple vessels disease?

Answer 33

LAD, RCA, circumflex

Question 34

What vessels can a graft be obtained from for a CABG?

Answer 34

internal thoracic artery (mammary) | Greater saphenous vein

Question 35

Where does the graft anatsomosis begin in a CABG?

Answer 35

Proximally to the ascending aorta

Question 36

What coronary artery supplies the SA and AV nodes

Answer 36

RCA

Question 37

What coronary artery supplies the septum

Answer 37

Posterior interventricular | LAD

Question 38

Occlusion of what coronary arteries could affect the bundle branches?

Answer 38

Posterior interventricular | LAD

Question 39

where is the location of the visceral afferents nerve endings in the heart?

Answer 39

``` inner aortic arch • pulmonary trunk • around the SA node • outflow tracts from both ventricles • papillary muscles • vena cavae ```