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Year 4 Placements > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line IV drug to be given in hypertensive crisis?

A

Labetolol

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2
Q

Amlodipine most often disrupts which organ system?

A

Gastrointestinal
- can be diarrhoea or constipation

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3
Q

What is the max percentage of drop in eGFR recommended before changing medication when administering ramipril?

A

25%

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4
Q

What is the most appropriate treatment to give to relieve acute angina symptoms?

A

GTN spray

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5
Q

What is the first line medication prescribed for anti-angina?

A

Beta blocker (bisoprolol)
- if C/I use calcium channel blocker such as verapamil or diltiazem
- do NOT combine bisoprolol with verapamil/diltiazem due to risk of heart block

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6
Q

What is the second line medication prescribed as an anti-anginal in combination with bisoprolol?

A

Long acting CCB (amlodipine, nifedipine)
- do NOT combine bisoprolol with short acting CCB (verapamil, diltiazem)

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7
Q

After how long should a patient repeat a GTN spray dose if they still have chest pain?

A

5 minutes

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8
Q

What GTN spray side effects are important to council patients on?

A

Headache, dizziness

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9
Q

Cor pulmonale describes heart failure of which side of the heart?

A

Right

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10
Q

What is the first line diagnostic investigation in angina patients?

A

CT coronary angiogram

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11
Q

How long might troponin stay elevated in cases of MI?

A

2 weeks

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12
Q

Which 2 CCB’s are C/I in heart failure?

A

Diltiazem and verapamil

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13
Q

Torsades de Pointes is managed via what?

A

IV magnesium sulfate

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14
Q

How is ventricular tachycardia managed in:
- stable patients
- unstable patients (shock/syncope)

A
  • stable - IV amiodarone
  • unstable - DC cardioversion; follow by repeat DC cardioversion and IV amiodarone if first not successful
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15
Q

Torsades de Pointes is associated with which metabolic disturbance?

A

Hypocalcaemia

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16
Q

Which drug should be utilised in AF in those with pre-existing heart failure?

A

Digoxin

17
Q

Delta waves on ECG are indicative of what syndrome?

A

Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome

18
Q

With regards to ECG interpretation:
Deflection in lead I to become negative plus deflection in lead III to become positive indicates what?

A

Right axis deviation

19
Q

What is the most common cause of right axis deviation in the ECG?

A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

20
Q

In regards to ECG interpretation:
Deflection in lead I to become more positive plus deflection in lead III to become more negative indicates what?

A

Left axis deviation

21
Q

What is the most common cause of left axis deviation in the ECG?

A

Conduction defects
- can also be caused by left ventricular hypertrophy

22
Q

In regards to ECG interpretation:
Changes in leads V1 and V2 indicate pathology in which heart location?

A

Anterior
- via left anterior descending artery

23
Q

In regards to ECG interpretation:
Changes in leads V5, V6 and I indicate pathology in which heart location?

A

Lateral
- via circumflex artery

24
Q

In regards to ECG interpretation:
Changes in leads V3 and V4 indicate pathology in which heart location?

A

Anterior
- via left anterior descending artery

25
Q

In regards to ECG interpretation:
Changes in leads II, III and aVF indicate pathology in which heart location?

A

Inferior
- via right coronary artery

26
Q

What is a normal PR interval?

A

120-200ms (3-5 small squares)

27
Q

Consistently prolonged PR internal with no QRS dropping is indicative of which type of heart block?

A

First degree

28
Q

Which types of non-pathological heart block may be seen in athletes via increased vagal tone?

A

First degree and second degree Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach)

29
Q

Name 3 drugs that can lead to heart block

A

Beta blockers, CCBs, digoxin

30
Q

Increasing PR interval with QRS drop is indicative of which type of heart block?

A

Second degree Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach)

31
Q

Consistent PR interval with QRS drop is indicative of which type of heart block?

A

Second degree Mobitz 2

Year 4 Placements (8 decks)

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