Cardiology Flashcards
These can be heard in mitral stenosis, except for:
A) apical holosystolic murmur radiating towards the axilla
B) low-frequency apical diastolic murmur
C) opening snap
D) loud first heart sound
A) apical holosystolic murmur radiating towards the axilla
Part of the therapy of decompensated heart failure, except for:
A) mineralocorticoid-antagonists
B) diuretics
C) digoxin
D) parenteral volume expansion
E) ACE-inhibitors
D) parenteral volume expansion
Causes of acute left ventricle failure, except for:
A) asthma bronchiale
B) acute myocardial infarction
C) hypertensive crisis
D) severe aortic stenosis
A) asthma bronchiale
Characteristics of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, except for:
A) might be combined with mitral insufficiency
B) digoxin is important in the early stage
C) it often shows a familial distribution
D) diastolic dysfunction is common
E) syncope is a common symptom
B) digoxin is important in the early stage
Features of atrial myxoma, except for:
A) the most common form of primary cardiac tumors
B) it can be diagnosed with echocardiography
C) it is often metastatic
D) it can mimic mitral stenosis during physical examination
C) it is often metastatic
Which one is true about the mechanism of action of digoxin?
A) it inhibits the Na-K-ATPase
B) it lowers intracellular Na+ concentration
C) it increases intracellular ATP levels
D) it enhances cAMP-production
E) it decreases Ca-release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
A) it inhibits the Na-K-ATPase
All of the following statements about nitroglycerine are true, except for:
A) it increases intracellular cGMP levels
B) it is primarily metabolised in the liver
C) it can induce significant reflex tachycardia
D) it significantly prolongs AV-conduction
E) it can lead to postural hypotension
D) it significantly prolongs AV-conduction
The typical side effect of nitrates is:
A) hypertension
B) headache
C) bradycardia
D) sexual dysfunction
E) anaemia
B) headache
The typical feature of Prinzmetal angina:
A) ST segment depression during angina
B) negative T waves during angina
C) pathologic Q waves during angina
D) elevated necroenzymes
E) ST segment elevation during angina
E) ST segment elevation during angina
Types of unstable angina pectoris, except for:
A) angina at rest
B) crescendo angina
C) effort angina
D) new-onset angina
C) effort angina
The most common pathology of myocardial infarction:
A) coronary embolism
B) rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque
C) dissection of coronary walls
D) growing of an atherosclerotic plaque
E) coronary inflammation
B) rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque
Normal mean electrical axis in the front plane, except for:
A) +60°
B) +90°
C) –45°
D) 0°
E) +45°
C) –45°
If acute myocardial infarction is suspected, the following diagnostic procedures should be carried out, except for:
A) ECG
B) blood tests (to measure CK-MB and troponin)
C) physical examination
D) cardiac stress test
E) echocardiography
D) cardiac stress test
Ischemic heart disease can present with, except for:
A) acute myocardial infarction
B) stable angina
C) deep vein thrombosis
D) sudden cardiac death
E) ischemic cardiomyopathy
C) deep vein thrombosis
The most important risk factor of atherosclerosis:
A) elevated serum LDL-cholesterol level
B) elevated serum HDL-cholesterol level
C) elevated serum triglyceride level
D) elevated serum cholesterol level
A) elevated serum LDL-cholesterol level
Risk factors of coronary artery disease, except for:
A) positive family history
B) diabetes mellitus
C) smoking
D) elevated serum HDL-cholesterol level
E) metabolic syndrome X
D) elevated serum HDL-cholesterol level
The ideal target value of serum LDL-cholesterol in a diabetic patient after myocardial infarction:
A) < 1,8 mmol/l
B) > 2,6 mmol/l
C) < 3,5 mmol/l
D) > 3,5 mmol/l
A) < 1,8 mmol/l
A 65-year-old patient with a history of smoking presents with sudden pain in his left leg. The limb feels cold, the toes are pale and peripheral pulse can not be palpated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) deep vein thrombosis
B) Buerger’s disease
C) embolism in the peripheral arteries
D) Raynaud’s disease
C) embolism in the peripheral arteries
Paramedics arrive to a 55-year-old patient with chest pain that started 3 hours ago. On the patient’s ECG they notice ST segment elevation in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6. What should they do?
A) transfer the patient to the regional Emergency Department
B) transfer the patient to the regional Coronary Care Unit
C) transfer the patient to the regional Cardiology Department for a troponin test and if it’s positive, transfer to a PCI center
D) transfer the patient directly to the nearest PCI center
D) transfer the patient directly to the nearest PCI center
Upon the physical examination of a 45-year-old man without any symptoms a soft systolic murmur and ejection click can be heard in 2L2. These have been known since he was a child. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) patent ductus arteriosus
B) coarctation of the aorta
C) ventricular septal defect
D) Ebstein’s anomaly
E) pulmonary valve stenosis
E) pulmonary valve stenosis
Correct statements about aortic stenosis, except for:
A) it causes pulsus parvus et tardus
B) it can cause syncope
C) it can cause anginalike chest pain
D) Austin-Flint murmur can be heard upon auscultation
E) it causes concentric left ventricular hypertrophy
D) Austin-Flint murmur can be heard upon auscultation
Correct statements about aortic insufficiency, except for:
A) it causes pulsus celer et altus (Corrigan’s pulse).
B) it can be acute and chronic too.
C) it usually doesn’t lead to left ventricle dilation.
D) it can be congenital.
E) it predisposes to infective endocarditis.
C) it usually doesn’t lead to left ventricle dilation.
Accessory pathway-mediated reentry tachycardy (AVRT) can be terminated with, except for:
A) propafenone
B) adenosine
C) lidocaine
D) radiofrequency ablation
E) verapamil
C) lidocaine
A regular wide QRS complex tachycardia can not be:
A) ventricular tachycardia
B) supraventricular tachycardia with bundle branch block
C) atrial fibrillation with bundle branch block
D) antidromic atrioventricular reentry tachycardia (WPW-syndrome)
E) atrial flutter with bundle branch block
C) atrial fibrillation with bundle branch block