Cardiology

Question 1

What is Epstein’s anomoly?

Answer 1

A congenital condition where the tricuspid valve leaflets are attached to the walls and septum of the right ventricle. This results in a large right atrium and small right ventricle.

Question 2

Patients with ventricular septal defects are at a high risk of ___________.

Answer 2

Endocarditis

Question 3

What is transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 3

Where the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched. The pulmonary artery joins to the left ventricle and the aorta joins to the right ventricle.

Question 4

What are the clinical signs of transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 4

• Cyanosis
• Tachypnoea
• Loud single S2
• Prominent right ventricular heave

Question 5

What babies are at a higher risk of transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 5

• Males

- Those with diabetic mothers

Question 6

What is the management of transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 6

• Keeping the ductus arteriosus open

- Surgery

Question 7

What is Eisenmenger’s syndrome?

Answer 7

A form of ventricular septal defect that leads to shunt reversal meaning de-oxygenated blood is allowed into the arterial circulation

Question 8

What condition is most associated with atrioventricular septal defects?

Answer 8

Down’s syndrome

Question 9

What are the key diagnostic factors for ventricular septal defect?

Answer 9

• Systolic murmur in the left parasternal region
• Failure to thrive
• Dyspnoea