Infants (1-12 months)

Question 1

What is a red flag for growth of neonates?

Answer 1

If their growth failure crosses two centiles

Question 2

At what age is fever in a baby a very worrying sign?

Answer 2

< 3 months

Question 3

What do you do with a baby that is < 3 months old that presents to A&E with a fever?

Answer 3

Full septic screen

Question 4

When do babies start smiling?

Answer 4

6-8 weeks

Question 5

When does CMPA typically present?

Answer 5

In first 3 months of life in formula-fed infants

Question 6

What are the signs and symptoms of CMPA?

Answer 6

• Regurgitation and vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Urticaria, atopic eczema
• Colic symptoms
• Wheeze, chronic cough

Question 7

What is the first-line treatment for formula-fed infants with CMPA?

Answer 7

Extensive hydrolysed formula (eHF)

Question 8

What is the management for infants with CMPA when they are breastfed?

Answer 8

Advise to continue breastfeeding but to exclude cow’s milk protein from the maternal diet and to use eHF milk when breastfeeding stops until 12 months and at least 6 months

Question 9

What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?

Answer 9

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 10

Viral bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection of the _____ __________ ______.

Answer 10

Lower respiratory tract

Question 11

What is the pathophysiology of bronchiolitis?

Answer 11

• Epithelial cell destruction
• Cellular oedema
• Airway obstruction by inflammatory debris and mucus

Question 12

How do children with bronchiolitis present?

Answer 12

• Cough
• Tachypnoea
• Wheeze
• Intercostal retractions, grunting and nasal flaring
• Fever
• Irritability
• Malaise
• Poor feeding