Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Review Deck > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does a sarcomere consist of?

A

Actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contractions depend on

A

Calcium and ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the cross bridge form?

A

Calcium binds to troponin, cause the tropomyosin complex to move and unblock cross-bridge site on actin
Myosin then can bind to actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stroke volume is what?

A

Volume per beat

EDV-ESV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main principle of FS curve?

A

Greater EDV, greater SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CO =

A

SVxHR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ionic channels in pacemaker
Phase 4
Phase 0
Phase 3

A

HCN (funny current), T-calcium
L-calcium
K voltage gated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S1 is due to

A

AV valves closing = systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S2 is due to

A

Semilunar valves closing = diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a dicrotic notch?

A

Vibration when valve is closing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diastolic lasts for

Systolic lasts for

A
  1. 5s

0. 3s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ECHO is diagnostic test for

A

Murmur, endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1st degree heart block

A

PR > 0.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Angina is caused by

A

Restricted blood flow due to atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Unstable vs stable angina

A

Unstable - pain at rest

Stable - pain on exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of angina

A

GTN –> prophylaxis (BB, ivabradine, CCB) –> surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is MI diagnosed?

A

Troponin and ECG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Troponin detects what?

A

Myocardial necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treat MI

A 
MONA+C
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrates (GTN) 
Aspirin 
Clopidegrol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Dressler’s syndrome?

ECG feature?

A

Post-MI pericarditis

Saddle shaped ST elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Left heart failure is due to

A

Low CO from left side of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diagnosis of LVF

A

NP test, echo, ecg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treat LVF long term

A

Lifestyle, loop, ACEi, BB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Acute LVF treatment

A

Sit up, oxygen, IV loop, IV morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by

A

Alcohol, chemo, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

HCM looks like what?

A

Big solid heart

Inherited and sudden death

27
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy appears what?
What is the problem?
Why?

A

Normal
Can’t fill up during diastole
Deposition of amyloid, sarcoid, fibrosis following radiation

28
Q

IV drug users get endocarditis in _______ valve

A

Tricuspid

29
Q

Treat prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

IV vancomycin, rifampicin, gentamicin

30
Q

Treat aortic stenosis

A

Valve replacement

31
Q

How can you treat mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation?

A

Diuretics, digoxin, ACEi (in regurgitation)/ BB (in stenosis), warfarin, valve replacement

32
Q

Collapsing pulse indicates

A

Aortic regurgitation

33
Q

Early diastolic murmur is where and with what?

A

Left sternal edge

Aortic regurgitation

34
Q

MDM localized to apex

A

Mitral stenosis

35
Q

Autorhythmicity meaning

A

Heart beats without external stimuli

36
Q

Heart controlled by ___ is in sinus rhythm

A

SA node

37
Q

SA generates a ________ pacemaker potential

A

Spontaneous

38
Q

What is the funny current?

A

Na+ and K+

39
Q

Threshold in pacemaker cells

A

-40

40
Q

Bundle of His and Purkinje allow _____ spread of action potentials to ventricle

A

RAPID

41
Q

Plateau phase channel

A

L-type calcium

42
Q

Sympathetic vs parasympathetic in heart

A

Sympathetic - NA on B1

Parasympathetic - ACh M2

43
Q

Vagal tone is what?

A

Parasympathetic dominance of heart at rest

44
Q

Bradycardia

A

<60

45
Q

Tachycardia

A

> 100

46
Q

What increases gradient of pacemaker potential?

A

Sympathetic activity

47
Q

What is atropine?

A

Antagonist of ACh in heart

48
Q

What develops due to HCN channels?

A

Cation conductance, in response to hyper polarization triggering funny current
Na inwards !

49
Q

Desmosomes are where?

A

Within intercalated discs

Adhesion between cardiac muscles

50
Q

Calcium needed for contraction/relaxation/both

ATP needed for contraction/relaxation/both

A

Contraction

Both

51
Q

How is SV regulated? (2)

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms

52
Q

Give examples of intrinsic mechanisms

A

Preload: venous return

Afterload

53
Q

What does FS curve show?

A

Maximum force generated at optimal fibre length

54
Q

Stretch increases affinity of what for calcium?

A

Troponin

55
Q

Name some extrinsic mechanisms for monitoring SV

A

Nerves

Hormones

56
Q

Sympathetic has a inotropic/chronotropic effect?

A

Both!

57
Q

Inotropic

A

Force of contraction

58
Q

Chronotropic

A

HR

59
Q

Force of contraction is _______ mediated

A

cAMP

60
Q

Sympathetic stimulation shifts FS to the _____

A

left

61
Q

Parasympathetic has inotropic/chronotropic

A

Only chronotropic

62
Q

When does the atrium contract?

A

Between P and QRS

63
Q

Where are valves approximately on chest?

A

2nd ICS right: aortic
2nd ICS left: pulmonary
4th ICS left: tricuspid
5th ICS mid clavicular: mitral

Review Deck (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions