Cardio vascular system and Effects of exercise Flashcards
What does the cardio vascular system do
Transports oxygen and nutrients to the major organs
What are the components
Heart, blood vessels, blood
What do arteries do
Take blood away
What do veins do
Take blood to the heart
What do capillaries do
Transfer oxygen to muscles
What colour is deoxygenated blood
Blue
What colour is oxygenated blood
Red
Where does arriving blood go
Atrias
Where does leaving blood leave
Ventricles
Name some properties of an artery
Thick walls, high pressure, small lumen
Name some properties of capillaries
Thin walls, small lumen, high pressure
Name some properties of veins
Low pressure, thinner walls, valves
What’s a cardiac cycle
The sequence of events that occur when the heart beats
What are the phases of the cardiac cycle
Systole and diastole
What happens in systole
Heart ventricles contract and squeeze blood into the arteries
What happens in diastole
The hearts ventricles relax and the hearts chambers fill with blood
What concludes the cardiac cycle
One contraction, one relaxation
What’s the cardiac output equation
CO= stroke volume x heart rate
What’s the definition of cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per min(lpm)
What the definition of heart rate
The number of times the heart beats per min
What’s the definition of stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat
How does exercise affect the cardiac cycle
Heart beats faster and with greater force, heart gets larger
What are the 3 immediate effects of exercise
Increased depth and frequency of breathing, increased heart rate and body temp
What do the lungs do during aerobic exercise
Work fast enough to supply the muscles with oxygen
What do the lungs do during anaerobic exercise
They can’t supply enough oxygen, so they create energy without it
What are the factors with bpm
Age, level of fitness and type of exercise
What is vasodilation
The capillaries close to the surface of the skin dilate, allowing more blood to flow through them
What happens in sweating
Sweat glands in the skin excrete sweat, which is a mixture of water, salts and urea. This takes heat away
What are the short term effects of exercise
Tiredness, DOMS, nausea
What are he long term effects of exercise
Body shape, heart size increases, bradycardia
What’s bradycardia
Lower resting heart rate
What’s muscle hypertrophy
Increase size of skeletal muscle through growth in its component cells
What’s sarcoplasmic
Training at high volume
What’s myofibrillar
Training at low volume, high intensity
Why is the heart know as a double pump
Because half goes to the lungs and half goes to the body
