Cardio Test Review Flashcards
What are the four functions of the cardio vascular system?
- Transports oxygen
- Gets rid of waste
- Regulates body temp.
- Transports hormones/ nutrients
What does the cardio vascular system contain?
- Heart
- Blood
- Blood Vessels
What are the three layers of the heart? And describe each of them
- Pericardium: The outer layer
- Myocardium: The middle layer (Muscular)
- Endocardium: The inner layer (Smooth)
What do coronary arteries do?
Supply oxygen to the heart
What do Arteries do and describe them
They carry blood away from the heart and they are thick and muscular because they pump a lot of blood
What are capillaries; describe them and their functions
They are the smallest blood vessels/ cells in the body and they exchange Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide (O2 and CO2)
What are veins; describe them and their functions
They are middle sized blood cells that carry blood BACK TO the heart
What is pulmonary circulation
Blood going to or from the lungs
What is systemic circulation
Blood going to or from the body
What are the two parts of blood
- Formed Elements: Solid (45% of blood)
- Plasma: Liquid (55% of blood)
What are the three parts of formed elements
- RBC’s/ Erythrocytes
- WBC’s/ Leukocytes
- Platelets/ Thrombocytes
What is another name for RBC’s and what do they do
Erythrocytes; they carry oxygen
What is another name for WBC’s and what do they do
Leukocytes; they fight infection
What is another name for plasma and what do they do
Thrombocytes; they clot blood
What is Anemia, and what causes it
It is when the body doesn’t produce enough RBC’s or it produces enough but they don’t have any hemoglobin (Hgb) in them so they don’t supply enough oxygen to other parts of the body
What is Leukemia, and what causes it
It is when the body makes too many Leukocytes, which will lead to blood cancer
What is a Hemorrhage, what causes it
When there is excessive bleeding due to low amounts of Thrombocytes being produced (there isn’t enough to clot the blood)
What are the two parts of plasma
- Water (90%)
- Protein (10%)
What blood type is the universal recipient
AB+
What blood type is the universal donor
O-
What does one heart beat equal (What do you need to be considered a single heart beat)
One P-wave followed by One QRS
What does EKG/ECG stand for
Electrocardiogram
What does Sinus rhythm mean
Normal rhythm of the heart
Where is electricity when Atrial contraction is occurring (1)
In the SA node
Where is electricity when a pause is happening after the Atrial Contraction (2)
In the AV node
Where is electricity when ventricle contraction is starting (3)
Bundle of His
Where is electricity when the ventricles are resting (4/QRS)
Perkinje Fibers
What does Arrythmia mean
Abnormal Rhythm
What is A-fib and explain what helps it calm down
When too much blood is pumped into the ventricles (The atriums pass blood too rapidly) and the ventricles can’t handle it; blood thinners are the only way that they will calm down
What is the “cure” for A-fib
A blood thinner, otherwise the blood will clot
What is V-fib
When the ventricles don’t pump the blood and just quiver, leading to cardiac arrest (flat line) CPR, and then Shock/ Defibrator
What is Arteriosclerosis and what is it caused by
Hardening of the arteries caused by aging- smoking increases the time it takes to get it
What is Atherosclerosis and what is it caused by
Blockage of the arteries caused by bad diet and high cholesterol
What is Myocardio Infarction and what is it caused by
A heart attack caused by blockage of the coronary arteries
What is Cardiac Arrest
When no electrical activity is in the heart, leading to flat line, CPR, and shock
What is CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
When the heart loses the ability to pump, Oxygen goes down, and breathing goes down
