Cardio SBAs Flashcards
Scenario: A 10-year-old male neutered springer spaniel presents for a routine check-up. He has no significant history, but on auscultation, you detect a grade 4 systolic murmur with a point of maximal intensity (PMI) over the left apex.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Options:
A) Aortic stenosis
B) Mitral valve dysplasia
C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
D) Dilated cardiomyopathy
E) Myxomatous mitral valve disease
E
Scenario: A 7-year-old male neutered Doberman Pinscher presents with a history of exercise intolerance and syncopal episodes. On auscultation, you hear a soft systolic murmur and an irregular heart rhythm.
Lead-in: Which of the following diagnostic tests is most likely to reveal the underlying cause of the dog’s clinical signs?
Options:
A) Thoracic radiographs
B) Electrocardiography (ECG)
C) Echocardiography
D) Complete blood count and serum biochemistry
E) Blood pressure measurement
Correct Answer: C) Echocardiography
Scenario: A 9-year-old male neutered British Shorthair cat presents with acute onset hindlimb paralysis and vocalization. The cat is cold and painful on palpation of the hindlimbs, with no femoral pulses.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Options:
A) Aortic thromboembolism
B) Spinal cord injury
C) Fibrocartilaginous embolism
D) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
E) Saddle thrombus
Correct Answer: A) Aortic thromboembolism
Scenario: A 6-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever presents with a distended abdomen. You perform an abdominocentesis and obtain a low-protein transudate.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of the fluid accumulation?
Options:
A) Right-sided heart failure
B) Liver disease
C) Protein-losing enteropathy
D) Urinary tract rupture
E) Haemorrhage
Correct Answer: B) Liver disease
Scenario: A 9-year-old male neutered Labrador Retriever presents with a history of exercise intolerance, coughing, and increased respiratory effort. Echocardiography confirms dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with left atrial enlargement and decreased systolic function.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment plan for this dog?
Options:
A) Furosemide 2 mg/kg IV, pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg PO BID
B) Benazepril 0.5 mg/kg PO SID, spironolactone 2 mg/kg PO SID
C) Digoxin 0.005 mg/kg PO BID, atenolol 0.5 mg/kg PO BID
D) Furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID, pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg PO BID
E) Sildenafil 1 mg/kg PO TID, benazepril 0.5 mg/kg PO SID
Correct Answer: D) Furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID, pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg PO BID
Scenario: A 13-year-old female spayed Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presents with a history of a grade 5 systolic murmur, increased respiratory rate, and coughing. Thoracic radiographs show pulmonary oedema and left atrial enlargement.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment plan for this dog?
Options:
A) Pimobendan 0.3 mg/kg PO BID, benazepril 0.5 mg/kg PO SID
B) Furosemide 4 mg/kg PO BID, spironolactone 2 mg/kg PO SID
C) Digoxin 0.01 mg/kg PO BID, diltiazem 1 mg/kg PO TID
D) Furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID, pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg PO BID, benazepril 0.5 mg/kg PO SID
E) Sildenafil 1 mg/kg PO TID, furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID
Correct Answer: D) Furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID, pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg PO BID, benazepril 0.5 mg/kg PO SID
Scenario: A 8-year-old male neutered Domestic Shorthair cat presents with acute onset hindlimb paralysis and vocalization. The cat is cold and painful on palpation of the hindlimbs, with no femoral pulses. You suspect aortic thromboembolism.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment plan for this cat?
Options:
A) Amoxicillin-clavulanate 12.5 mg/kg PO BID, meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg PO SID
B) Benazepril 0.5 mg/kg PO SID, clopidogrel 18.75 mg PO SID
C) Furosemide 2 mg/kg IV, pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg PO BID
D) Methadone 0.2 mg/kg IV, clopidogrel 18.75 mg PO SID
E) Sildenafil 1 mg/kg PO TID, furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID
Correct Answer: D) Methadone 0.2 mg/kg IV, clopidogrel 18.75 mg PO SID
Scenario: A 6-year-old female spayed Boxer presents with a history of syncopal episodes and exercise intolerance. Echocardiography reveals moderate pulmonic stenosis.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment option for this dog?
Options:
A) Balloon valvuloplasty
B) Surgical valvulotomy
C) Pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg PO BID
D) Atenolol 0.5 mg/kg PO BID
E) No treatment is necessary
Correct Answer: A) Balloon valvuloplasty
Scenario: A 4-year-old male neutered Domestic Shorthair cat presents with a history of open-mouth breathing and increased respiratory effort. Echocardiography reveals hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with left atrial enlargement and pulmonary oedema.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment plan for this cat?
Options:
A) Furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID, pimobendan 0.25 mg/kg PO BID
B) Benazepril 0.5 mg/kg PO SID, spironolactone 2 mg/kg PO SID
C) Furosemide 2 mg/kg IV, butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg IV
D) Furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID, atenolol 0.5 mg/kg PO BID
E) Sildenafil 1 mg/kg PO TID, benazepril 0.5 mg/kg PO SID
Correct Answer: C) Furosemide 2 mg/kg IV, butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg IV
Scenario: A 12-year-old female spayed Miniature Schnauzer presents with a history of a persistent cough and exercise intolerance. Thoracic radiographs show a diffuse bronchointerstitial pattern and mild cardiomegaly. You suspect pulmonary hypertension.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this dog?
Options:
A) Pimobendan 0.3 mg/kg PO BID
B) Benazepril 0.5 mg/kg PO SID
C) Sildenafil 1 mg/kg PO TID
D) Furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID
E) Theophylline 4 mg/kg PO BID
Correct Answer: C) Sildenafil 1 mg/kg PO TID
Scenario: A 7-year-old male neutered Border Collie presents with a history of collapse and exercise intolerance. An ECG reveals a third-degree atrioventricular block.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this dog?
Options:
A) Pacemaker implantation
B) Atenolol 0.5 mg/kg PO BID
C) Digoxin 0.005 mg/kg PO BID
D) Furosemide 2 mg/kg PO BID
E) Sotalol 2 mg/kg PO BID
Correct Answer: A) Pacemaker implantation
Scenario: A 4-year-old male neutered Domestic Shorthair cat presents with acute onset dyspnoea. On auscultation, you hear a gallop rhythm and muffled heart sounds.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely differential diagnosis?
Options:
A) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
B) Dilated cardiomyopathy
C) Pericardial effusion
D) Aortic thromboembolism
E) Pulmonary oedema
Correct Answer: C) Pericardial effusion
Scenario: A 12-year-old female spayed West Highland White Terrier presents with a 6-month history of a dry, hacking cough and recent onset of exercise intolerance. Thoracic radiographs show a diffuse interstitial pattern and mild cardiomegaly.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely differential diagnosis?
Options:
A) Pulmonary hypertension
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
D) Dilated cardiomyopathy
E) Myxomatous mitral valve disease
Correct Answer: C) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Scenario: A 7-year-old male neutered German Shepherd Dog presents with a history of syncopal episodes and exercise intolerance. On auscultation, you hear a grade 4 systolic murmur with a PMI over the left heart base.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely differential diagnosis?
Options:
A) Aortic stenosis
B) Pulmonic stenosis
C) Mitral valve dysplasia
D) Dilated cardiomyopathy
E) Myxomatous mitral valve disease
Correct Answer: A) Aortic stenosis
Scenario: A 10-year-old male neutered Boxer presents with a history of exercise intolerance and collapse. An ECG reveals multiple ventricular premature complexes (VPCs).
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely differential diagnosis?
Options:
A) Dilated cardiomyopathy
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
D) Myxomatous mitral valve disease
E) Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: C) Arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Scenario: A 14-year-old male neutered Domestic Shorthair cat presents with a history of weight loss, polyphagia, and polyuria. On physical examination, you note a palpable thyroid nodule.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely differential diagnosis?
Options:
A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Chronic kidney disease
D) Inflammatory bowel disease
E) Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Hyperthyroidism
Scenario: A 10-year-old female spayed Golden Retriever presents with a history of a cough and exercise intolerance. Thoracic radiographs show right-sided heart enlargement and a diffuse alveolar pattern.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely differential diagnosis?
Options:
A) Dilated cardiomyopathy
B) Pulmonary hypertension
C) Tricuspid valve dysplasia
D) Heartworm disease
E) Pulmonary thromboembolism
B) Pulmonary hypertension
Scenario: A 3-year-old male neutered Ragdoll cat presents with acute onset hindlimb paralysis. The cat is painful and vocalizing, with cold hindlimbs and no femoral pulses.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely differential diagnosis?
Options:
A) Aortic thromboembolism
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Spinal cord injury
D) Fibrocartilaginous embolism
E) Trauma
A) Aortic thromboembolism
The most common cardiovascular lesion in dogs is ______________.
Myxomatous valvular degeneration (degenerative valve disease)
In cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ______________ is a common complication that can lead to acute hindlimb paralysis.
Aortic thromboembolism
A ______________ is a non-pathological murmur heard in young animals due to the high velocity of blood flow.
Innocent murmur
______________ is a disease characterized by the dilation and impaired contraction of the heart’s ventricles, leading to decreased systolic function.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
______________ is a cardiac disease often associated with sudden death in Boxers.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
In cats with hyperthyroidism, ______________ is a common clinical sign due to the increased metabolic rate.
Weight loss despite polyphagia
A ______________ rhythm is characterized by varying QRS complex heights on an ECG and is a unique finding in cases of pericardial effusion.
Electrical alternans
______________ is the most common cause of systemic hypertension in cats.
Chronic kidney disease
______________ is a first-line drug for the emergency treatment of congestive heart failure.
Furosemide
______________ is a vasodilator commonly used in cats with systemic hypertension.
Amlodipine
A 10-year-old, male neutered Cavalier King Charles Spaniel named Charlie presents with a history of increasing exercise intolerance and a mild cough, particularly at night. On physical examination, you auscultate a grade 4/6 left apical systolic murmur. You perform an echocardiogram to further investigate the cause of the murmur.
Ultrasound Image:
SBA Questions:
Question 1:
Lead-in: What is the most likely diagnosis based on the ultrasound image and clinical findings?
Options:
A) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
B) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
C) Mitral valve dysplasia
D) Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD)
E) Tricuspid valve dysplasia
D) Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD)
A 5-year-old, female spayed, Shih Tzu presents with a history of sudden collapse and exercise intolerance. On physical examination, the dog is tachycardic with a heart rate of 180 bpm, and you notice an irregular rhythm on auscultation. An ECG is performed, and the following rhythm strip is obtained:
Lead-in:
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the ECG findings?
Options:
A) Sinus tachycardia
B) Ventricular tachycardia
C) Atrial fibrillation
D) Supraventricular tachycardia
E) Sinus arrhythmia
Supraventricular tachycardia
On physical examination, the dog is tachycardic with an irregularly irregular heart rhythm. An ECG is performed, and the following rhythm strip is obtained:
Lead-in:
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the ECG findings?
Options:
A) Sinus tachycardia
B) Ventricular tachycardia
C) Atrial fibrillation
D) Supraventricular tachycardia
E) Sinus arrhythmia
Correct Answer: C) Atrial fibrillation
A 7-year-old, male neutered, Doberman Pinscher presents with a history of collapse. On physical examination, the dog is weak and has pale mucous membranes. An ECG is performed, and the following rhythm strip is obtained:
Lead-in:
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the ECG findings?
Options:
A) Sinus tachycardia
B) Ventricular tachycardia
C) Atrial fibrillation
D) Supraventricular tachycardia
E) Sinus arrhythmia
B) Ventricular tachycardia
Scenario: A 12-year-old male neutered Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presents with a history of a cough and exercise intolerance. The cough is worse at night. Auscultation reveals a grade 4 systolic murmur and harsh lung sounds with crackles.
Lead-in: What is the most likely cause of the cough, and where is the problem localized?
Options:
A) Left-sided heart failure
B) Chronic bronchitis
C) Tracheal collapse
D) Lungworm infection
E) Aspiration pneumonia
A) Left-sided heart failure
An ECG is performed, and the following rhythm strip is obtained
Lead-in:
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the ECG findings?
Options:
A) Normal sinus rhythm
B) 1st-degree AV block
C) 2nd-degree AV block
D) 3rd-degree AV block
E) Premature beats
B - 1st degree AV block
An ECG is performed, and the following rhythm strip is obtained
Lead-in:
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the ECG findings?
Options:
A) Normal sinus rhythm
B) 1st-degree AV block
C) 2nd-degree AV block
D) 3rd-degree AV block
E) Premature beats
C) 2nd-degree AV block
On physical examination, the dog is weak and has a slow heart rate. An ECG is performed, and the following rhythm strip is obtained
Lead-in:
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis based on the ECG findings?
Options:
A) Normal sinus rhythm
B) 1st-degree AV block
C) 2nd-degree AV block
D) 3rd-degree AV block
E) Premature beats
D) 3rd-degree AV block
A 2-year-old male Boxer presents with a history of collapsing when excited. The episodes are brief, and the dog recovers quickly. You perform an ECG, and it is unremarkable.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely cause of the syncope?
Options:
A) Cardiac arrhythmia
B) Congenital heart defect
C) Vasovagal syncope
D) Pulmonary hypertension
E) Hypoglycaemia
C) Vasovagal syncope
Scenario: A 10-year-old female spayed Miniature Schnauzer presents with a history of collapsing during walks. The episodes are associated with exercise and coughing. On auscultation, you hear a grade 4/6 left apical systolic murmur.
Lead-in: Which of the following is the most likely cause of the syncope?
Options:
A) Cardiac arrhythmia
B) Pulmonic stenosis
C) Vasovagal syncope
D) Pulmonary hypertension
E) Hypoglycaemia
A) Cardiac arrhythmia
