Cardio/Pulmonary A&P Week 1-13 Flashcards
Weeks 1-13
Pleural Cavity
What does it do?
What does it Contain?
Allows the pleura to slide during inspiration & Exhalation.
During Inspiration it keeps the lungs attached to the thorax
It Contains Serous Fluid
What are the 2 Pleural Membranes
- Visceral= attached to the lungs and into the fissures
- Parietal= Lines the thoracic wall, surface of the diaphragm and lateral mediatstinum
What does the Lymphatic System do?
Fluid Balance, absorption of fats & fat-soluble nutrients and transports Lymph Fluid
What are the Segments of Each Lung & Lobes
Right Lung= 10 Segments (Upper, Middle, Lower)
- Upper= Apical, Anterior, Posterior
- Middle= Lateral Medial
- Lower= Superior, Anterior Basal, Medial Basal, Lateral Basal, Posterior Basal
Left Lung= 8 Segments (Upper & Lower)
- Upper= Upper Division, Apical/Posterior, Anterior
- Lower= Superior, Anterior Basal, Medial Basal, Lateral Basal, Posterior Basal
Condition: Tracheomalacia
Weakness of the Trachea
(congenital or acquired)
Can be healed on it’s own or fixed with surgical stent
What is Bronchial Circulation?
Where does the blood supply come from?
Blood supply to lung tissue comes from Aorta.
Blood moves along tracheobronchial tree to terminal bronchioles then merges with pulmonary arteries and capillaries
Bronchiolitis vs. Bronchiectasis
Bronchiolitis= infection involving bronchioles. Common in Children
Bronchiectasis= Chronic. Bronchi walls become thick
Leukocytes (WBC)
What do they do?
How many are there?
Protect the body against Bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins and tumors
5k-9k per mm3
What are the 5 Leukocyte breakdowns
- Neutrophils= First responders
- Lymphocytes= T Cells, makes antibodies
- Monocytes= Largest-Macrophages
- Eosinophils= Allergic Reaction- High in Asthma
- Basophils= Release Histamine and Heparin
Erythrocytes (RBC)
What do they do?
How many are made and die?
What is it made of and where is it made in?
Lifespan?
- Transports CO2 and O2
- 4.2-6.2 million per mm3 are made every 2 seconds and are destroyed ever 2 second by liver and spleen
- Majority is made of Hemoglobin (Hb), comes from red bone marrow in cranial, vertebral, ribs sternum, humerus & Femur
- 120 day lifespan
What is Blood Plasma?
How much of the blood is Plasma?
What is it made of?
- Liquid portion of the blood
- 55% of the blood is plasma
- Proteins, Electrocytes, Food substances, Respiratory Gases, Hormones, Waste Products
Veins vs. Arteries
Veins= Deoxygenated blood to the heart (Except Pulmonary Veins-Oxygenated)
- Thinner, collapsable, more shallow and has valves
Arteries= Oxygenated blood away from the heart (Except Pulmonary Artery-deoxygenated)
- Thicker and Deeper
What is normal Cardiac Output (Qt)
4-8 L/min
What are the 3 formed elements of the blood?
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Leukocytes (WBC)
Platelets
Condition: Pharyngeal Reflex
Gag Reflex
Cricoid Cartilage
What is it’s shape?
Where is it located?
- Full Ring Shaped
- Sits below Thyroid cartilage. Makes up a large portion of the back of the Larynx and the bottom is attached to the Trachea
Thyroid Cartilage
What is it shape?
Where is it located?
Nickname?
- Butterfly Shaped
- In front of the Larynx
- ‘Adams Apple’
Cricothyroid Ligament
What is this known for?
Where is it located?
- The site for trach incision
- Sits between the bottom of the thyroid cartilage and top of the Cricoid Cartilage
Trachea vs. Esophagus
What are the two used for?
What does the Trachea contain?
- Trachea is Anterior airway, Esophagus is posterior for food and liquid.
- Trachea has Vocal Cords, Epiglottis, Vestibule, Vallecula
Condition: Epiglottitis
Inflammation of the epiglottis.
(For RTs, pt may need to be Trached)
Condition: Croup
AKA Laryngotracheabronchitis
How to identify?
Inflammation below the Glottis
Identified by Steeply Sign on Xray, loud barking cough
Where are the Following?
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx= Sits Above Uvula
Oropharynx= Back of throat, below Uvula
Laryngopharynx= Lower bottom of throat, Right above the Larynx
What is in the Oral Cavity?
Anterior 2/3 of tongue, Vestibules (gums), Hard Palate, Soft Palate, Teeth
Condition: Epistaxis
Nosebleeds