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sem 1 BN test 2 > cardio physiology > Flashcards

cardio physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the blood flow through heart

A
  1. blood enters the hart through a vein
  2. blood enters atrium
  3. blood flows through an atrioventricular valve
  4. blood enters a ventricle
  5. blood flows through a semilunar valve
  6. blood leaves the heart through an artery
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2
Q

describe deoxygenated blood

A
  • high in carbon
  • low in oxygen
  • dark red in colour
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3
Q

describe oxygenated blood

A
  • high in oxygen
  • low in carbon dioxide
  • bright red in colour
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4
Q

what is the cardiac cycle?

A

it is a series of alternating contractions and relaxations of the hearts atria and ventricles in order to pump blood through the body

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5
Q

what is the order of the cardiac cycle? 1-5

A
  1. electrical depolarisation of the heart chamber
  2. contraction of the heart chamber
  3. increased pressure inside the heart chamber
  4. heart valve opens
  5. blood flows through open valve
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6
Q

where does your heart beat start and the rate is set?

A

SA node of the right atrium

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7
Q

what is depolarisation ?

A

cardiac muscle contracting

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8
Q

what is repolarisation?

A

cardiac muscle relaxing

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9
Q

what is Atrial systole?

A

contraction of the atria

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10
Q

what is Atrial diastole?

A

relaxation of the atria

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11
Q

what is ventricular systole?

A

contraction of the ventricles

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12
Q

what is ventricular diastole?

A

relaxation of the ventricles

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13
Q

what happens during the ventricular filling phase?

A
  • atria contracts
  • P wave on ECG (atrial depolarisation)
  • blood moves from atria into ventricles
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14
Q

what happens during the ventricular systole phase?

A
  • ventricles contract
  • QRS complex on ECG
  • first heart soul ‘lub’
  • isovolumetric contraction
  • semilunar valves open
  • blood is ejected into arteries
  • AV valves close
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15
Q

what happens during the isovolumetric relaxation phase?

A
  • T wave on ECG
  • ventricles relax
  • isovolumetric relaxation
  • semilunar valve close
  • second heart sound ‘dub”
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16
Q

what is cardiac output?

A

the volume of blood pumped out f each ventricle in one minute

17
Q

what is blood volume?

A

the amount of blood in the cardiovascular system

18
Q

what is your blood pressure?

A

the pushing force that blood exerts on blood vessel walls

19
Q

what is the stroke volume?

A

the amount of blood pushed out of a ventricle each time it contracts

20
Q

what is venous return?

A

the amount of blood returning to the heart through the veins

21
Q

what can increase heart rate?

A
  • sympathetic stimulation (fight or flight)
  • female gender
  • exercise
  • increased blood volume
  • younger age
22
Q

what can decrease heart rate?

A
  • parasympathetic stimulation (resting and digesting)
  • decreased thyroid hormone secretion
  • larger body size
  • lower body temperature
23
Q

what is baroreceptors?

A

blood pressure receptors

24
Q

what is venous return?

A

the amount of blood returning through the veins, to the right atrium of the heart

25
Q

what is preload?

A

it is how much a ventricle wall is stretched

26
Q

what is contractility?

A

how forceful the heart contracts

27
Q

what is after load?

A

the blood pressure in the aorta

28
Q

what increases stroke volume?

A
  • sympathetic stimulation
  • increased blood volume
  • increased end diastolic volume
  • exercise
  • vasodilation
29
Q

what decreases stroke volume?

A
  • decreased venous return
  • low blood calcium concentration
  • increased end systolic volume
  • high blood potassium concentration
  • high arterial blood pressure
30
Q

how do you work out cardiac output?

A

cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
= beats/mins x mL/beat
= mL/min

31
Q

what would cause stroke volume to decrease?

A

haemorrhage

32
Q

what are the nine important plus points?

A
  1. superficial temporal artery (temples)
  2. facial artery (jaw)
  3. common carotid artery (neck)
  4. Brachial artery (joins of the arm)
  5. radial artery (wirst)
  6. femoral artery (crouch)
  7. popliteal artery (back of knee)
  8. posterior tibial artery (ankel)
  9. dorsalis pedis artes (foot)

sem 1 BN test 2 (6 decks)

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