Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICOM-Cardio > Cardio-Pathology-Dysrhythmia > Flashcards

Cardio-Pathology-Dysrhythmia Flashcards

1
Q

What are PVCs?

A

premature ventricular contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tachycardia, bradycardia, irregular rhythm with normal contraction, ventricular fibrillation, no electrical activity (asystole) are all examples of:

A

dysrythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

SA node damaged, other fibers or even the AV node can take over pacemaker function, slower intrinsic rate (causing bradycardia)

A

Sick sinus syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atrial myocytes become “irritable” and depolarize independently and sporadically (as occurs with atrial dilation), the signals are variably transmitted through the AV node, leading to the random “irregularly irregular” heart rate.

A

Atrial fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If the AV node is dysfunctional, varying degrees of occur.

A

• Heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

simple prolongation of the P-R interval on electrocardiogram

A

(first-degree heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

intermittent transmission of the signal to AV node

A

second-degree heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

complete failure of signal to AV node

A

(third-degree heart block).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dysrhythmia can be problems with nodes all the way to individual ?

A

myocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some possible causes of dysryhtmia?

A

– Ischemia – Hypoxia – Acidosis – Autonomic changes – Myocyte hypertrophy – Electrolyte imbalances – Genetic defects in ion channels – Drugs – Inflammation – Fibrosis and amyloid deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abnormal pacemaker sites within the heart (abnormal automaticity), create abnormal conduction pathways and can cause cardiac dysrythmia

-no proper filling, output disrupted

A

Ectopic foci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are reentry currents?

A

abnormal conduction of currents, can hit the AV node, can cause abnormal T and P waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alterations of SA or AV node, relatively uncommon, are alterations in rhythm.

A

sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. Premature atrial contractions (PAC)
  2. (Paroxysmal) Atrial tachycardia (approx. 100-150 bpm)
  3. Atrial flutter (150 bpm, atria pulsing 300)
  4. Atrial fibrillation – loss of coordinated contraction of atria (irregular ventricle contractions at 150-250 bpm)

are all examples of:

A

atrial dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(Paroxysmal) Atrial tachycardia can beat from:

A

approx. 100-150 bpm

combined TP waves, ORS complex can come right after one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atrial flutter can beat from:

A

150 bpm, atria pulsing 300

several P waves one after another

17
Q

loss of coordinated contraction of atria (irregular ventricle contractions at 150-250 bpm) describes:

loss of synchrony

A

atrial fibrillation

T wave can be masked with atria going off on their own (ectopic foci)

random, not large P waves, occasional QRS

18
Q

Why is there a risk for blood clots with atrial dysrhythmia’s?

A

inefficient pumping causes pooling and clotting of blood, which clots can be moved through circulation causing ischemia and/or infarcts

19
Q
A

T and P waves overlapping a lttle, premature atrial contraction or complex (PAC)

20
Q

loss of coordinated contraction of atria (irregular ventricle contractions at 150-250 bpm) describes:

loss of synchrony

T wave can be masked with atria going off on their own (ectopic foci)

random, not large P waves, occasional QRS

A

Atrial fibrillation

21
Q

What is the difference between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation?

A

atrial flutter has regular rate ventricular contraction (QRS), is less severe, and can progress to atrial fibrillation (irregular QRS)

22
Q

What are the 3 treatments for atrial dysrhthmia?

A
  1. Node ablation
  2. Pacemaker installation
  3. Drugs
23
Q

Which form of dysrhthmia is the most common?

A

ventricular premature beats or premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

24
Q

What is an excessive ventricular rate, but still beating in rhythm with atria?

A

Ventricular tachycardia -though still rhythmic, the atria may not be able to keep up and may not be getting enough blood

25
Q

What is a complete loss of ventricular rhythm with a CO that falls to zero?

A

Ventriclar fibrillation

26
Q

What effect do ventricular dysrhythmia’s have on C.O.?

A

➢ Depends upon the rate!!

➢ If too fast then not enough time for ventricles to fill and ↓ C.O.

27
Q

Specific form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with a long QT interval • Congenital dysrhythmia caused by genetic polymorphism in K+ or Na+ channels. • Can also be caused by low K+ serum levels • May also be caused by drugs like Quinidine that slow myocardial repolarization

A

Torsades de pointes

28
Q

What manifests as QT elongation followed by V. Tachycardia…..very dangerous • Risk of V. Fibrillation and sudden death! • Transient symptoms include dizziness and loss of consciousness..

A

Torsades de pointes (twisting around the point)

-you can notice that it gets bigger from the point of QT elongation on either side

29
Q

What often occur due to ischemia in the Conduction Pathways • Generally do not cause dysrhythmia but can effect C.O.

A

Heart block

30
Q

What type of heart block?

A

First degree AV Block (>200 ms PR interval)

-No treatment required

31
Q

What type of heart block?

A

Second degree AV Block, Mobitz Type I or Wenckebach Lengthening of PR Interval until no QRS, often asymptomatic

32
Q

What type of heart block?

A

Second degree AV Block, Mobitz Type II

Dropped beats not preceded by a change in the PR Interval

may proceed to third degree block

Often treated with pacemaker

33
Q

What type of heart block?

A

3rd degree AV Block (complete)

Atria and ventricles beat independently of each other

P and QRS not together, rhythmically

Often treated with pacemaker

34
Q

What disease can cause a 3rd degree AV heart block?

A

Lyme disease

35
Q

What is happening?

A

Increasing P-Q interval with missing QRS

Mobitz type I, 2nd Degree Heart Block

36
Q

What is driving the heart in a third degree heart block?

A

Bundle branch block

Cardiac Ouput can fall to zero

37
Q

What can be caused by ischemic or structural changes in the conduction system or by intrinsic myocyte electrical instability?

A

Arrhythmias

38
Q

In structurally normal hearts, are often due to mutations in ion channels that cause aberrant repolarization or depolarization.

A

arrhythmias

39
Q

Sudden cardiac death results from and is most frequently a consequence of coronary artery disease (CAD).

A

ventriclar fibrillation

ICOM-Cardio (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions