CARDIO (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION)

Question 1

is used synonymously with coronary occusion and heart attack

Answer 1

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)

Question 2

MI is synonymously with

Answer 2

coronary occlusion
heart attack

Question 3

This is the sudden constriction or narrowing of the coronary artery

Answer 3

Vasospasm

Question 4

The causes of MI primarily stem from the vascular system

Answer 4

Vasospasm
Depressed oxygen supply
Increased demand for oxygen

Question 5

this is the cardinal symptoms of MI

Answer 5

chest pain

(persistent and crushing substernal pain)

Question 6

unusually occcurs at the onset of MI

Answer 6

fever

Question 7

There is reduce blood flow in a coronary artery, often due to rupture of an artherosclerotic plaque, but the artery is not completely occluded.

Answer 7

Unstable angina

Question 8

signifying ischemia

Answer 8

ST elevation

Question 9

indicating injury

Answer 9

inverted T wave

Question 10

prolonged ischemia or necrosis

Answer 10

Q waves

Question 11

Useful in diagnosing postoperative MI when MB-CPK may be elevated related to skeletal trauma

Answer 11

Troponin I and Troponin T

Question 12

a heme protein of small molecular weight that is more rapidly released from damaged muscle tissue with elevation within 2 hr after an acute MI and peak levels occurring in 3-15 hr

Answer 12

Myoglobin

Question 13

rises on second or third day after MI, indicating inflammatory response

Answer 13

ESR (erythrocycte sedimentation rate)

Question 14

as a cause for coronary narrowing or spasm

Answer 14

arteriosclerosis

Question 15

Administered in IV boluses is used for MI to reduce pain and anxiety

Answer 15

Morphine

Question 16

Prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II to decrease blood pressure and for the kidneys to secrete sodium and fluid, decreasing the oxygen demand of the heart

Answer 16

ACE inhibitors

Question 17

The procedure is used to open the occluded coronary artery and promote reperfusion to the area that has been deprived of oxygen

Answer 17

Emergent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Question 18

Surgical procedures for MI

Answer 18

• Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
• Cardiac rehabilitation
• Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
• CORONARY ARTERY STENTS
• MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION - CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT

Question 19

A procedure used to increase blood flow and oxygen to the myocardium and alleviating angina symptoms, during bypass surgery, a blood vessel is from the leg or chest is used to reroute blood around a segment of a coronary artery by aterosclerosis

Answer 19

Myocardial Revascularization - Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Question 20

Use to prevent closure of a coronary artery from an artherosclerotic lesion while providing support to a coronary artery wall at the area of stenosis to keep blood flowing through the artery, these stents are put in place during an angioplasty

Answer 20

Coronary Artery Stents

Question 21

A catheter with a balloon tip is inserted usually via the femoral artery and advance into the heart, once the blocked coronary artery is entered the balloon is inflated and the artherosclerotic plaque is compressed. This results in a dilated vessel being able to deliver more oxygen rich blood to the myocardium, the patency of the vessel is restored

Answer 21

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Question 22

The goals of rehabilitation for the patient who has had an MI are to extend life and improve the quality of life, targets risk reduction by means of education, individual and group support and physical activity

Answer 22

Cardiac Rehabilitation

Question 23

the patient with STEMI may be taken directly to the cardiac catherization laboratory for an immediate _____. The procedure of oxygen.

Answer 23

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention