CARDIO (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION) Flashcards
is used synonymously with coronary occusion and heart attack
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)
MI is synonymously with
coronary occlusion
heart attack
This is the sudden constriction or narrowing of the coronary artery
Vasospasm
The causes of MI primarily stem from the vascular system
Vasospasm
Depressed oxygen supply
Increased demand for oxygen
this is the cardinal symptoms of MI
chest pain
(persistent and crushing substernal pain)
unusually occcurs at the onset of MI
fever
There is reduce blood flow in a coronary artery, often due to rupture of an artherosclerotic plaque, but the artery is not completely occluded.
Unstable angina
signifying ischemia
ST elevation
indicating injury
inverted T wave
prolonged ischemia or necrosis
Q waves
Useful in diagnosing postoperative MI when MB-CPK may be elevated related to skeletal trauma
Troponin I and Troponin T
a heme protein of small molecular weight that is more rapidly released from damaged muscle tissue with elevation within 2 hr after an acute MI and peak levels occurring in 3-15 hr
Myoglobin
rises on second or third day after MI, indicating inflammatory response
ESR (erythrocycte sedimentation rate)
as a cause for coronary narrowing or spasm
arteriosclerosis
Administered in IV boluses is used for MI to reduce pain and anxiety
Morphine
Prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II to decrease blood pressure and for the kidneys to secrete sodium and fluid, decreasing the oxygen demand of the heart
ACE inhibitors
The procedure is used to open the occluded coronary artery and promote reperfusion to the area that has been deprived of oxygen
Emergent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Surgical procedures for MI
• Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
• Cardiac rehabilitation
• Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
• CORONARY ARTERY STENTS
• MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION - CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT
A procedure used to increase blood flow and oxygen to the myocardium and alleviating angina symptoms, during bypass surgery, a blood vessel is from the leg or chest is used to reroute blood around a segment of a coronary artery by aterosclerosis
Myocardial Revascularization - Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Use to prevent closure of a coronary artery from an artherosclerotic lesion while providing support to a coronary artery wall at the area of stenosis to keep blood flowing through the artery, these stents are put in place during an angioplasty
Coronary Artery Stents
A catheter with a balloon tip is inserted usually via the femoral artery and advance into the heart, once the blocked coronary artery is entered the balloon is inflated and the artherosclerotic plaque is compressed. This results in a dilated vessel being able to deliver more oxygen rich blood to the myocardium, the patency of the vessel is restored
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
The goals of rehabilitation for the patient who has had an MI are to extend life and improve the quality of life, targets risk reduction by means of education, individual and group support and physical activity
Cardiac Rehabilitation
the patient with STEMI may be taken directly to the cardiac catherization laboratory for an immediate _____. The procedure of oxygen.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
