Cardio Labs / Diagnostics Flashcards
1) Troponin 1 is an example of what?
2) What is a series of radiographs taken after contrast medium is injected into a vein or artery? It Can also be called “Cardiac Catheterization?”
1) A cardiac marker
2) angiogram aka angiography aka cardiac catherization
USES CONTRAST WHICH ENABLES VISUALIZATION OF BLOOD FLOW WITHIN THE CORONARY CIRCULATION.
CHECK FOR ALLERGIES- IODINE AND SEAFOOD
WHAT IS AN Invasive procedure that is used to visualize heart chambers, valves, great vessels and coronary arteries? It can reveal heart abnormalities such as obstructions
Cardiac catheterization
KNOW: IT IS A STERILE PROCEDURE
KNOW: ASSESS FOR IODINE ALLERGIES
KNOW: Have patient rest in bed for 2 to 6 hours after procedure TO PREVENT BLEEDING
FOR A PATIENT PRIOR TO AN ANGIOGRAM, WHAT SHOULD YOU ASSESS?
FOR A PATIENT AFTER AN ANGIOGRAM, WHAT SHOULD YOU ASSESS?
PRIOR- DYE ALLERGIES
POST- • Check site (usually the groin area) for excessive bleeding, compression device is in place
• Checks pulses below the site –check pedal pulses if femoral site was used for the procedure
1) FOR AN Angiogram (Catheterization) WHAT ARE TWO THINGS TO MONITOR?
2) For cardiac catheterization on left antecubital insertion site, palpate ______ ______ (distal pulse) on left arm after procedure to evaluate thrombophlebitis and vessel occlusion.
1) monitor for- bleeding s/p procedure
monitor pedal pulses every 15 minutes and palpate distal pulse and compare with baseline
2) PALPATE RADIAL PULSE
Location of the apical pulse?
LOCATION OF THE DORSAL PULSE?
LOCATION OF THE POSTERIOR TIBIAL PULSE?
BETWEEN 5TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE, LEFT
TOP OF THE FOOT
INSIDE OF ANKLE
What measures changes in volume in different areas of your body? It measures these changes with blood pressure cuffs or other sensors. These are attached to a machine called a ________.
It is effective in determining if there is a blood clot in the arm or leg.
Plethysmography
Plethysmograph
What device is used to locate a weak pulse?
Doppler
Doppler is used to HEAR THE PULSE IN AN ARTERY
AN ULTRASOUND IS USED TO VISUALIZE THE BLOOD FLOW W/IN A VASCULAR SYSTEM.
LAB VALUES;
Platelets….
What do they do?
150,000-400,000
Platelets promote clot formation.
Thrombocytopenia= decreased count
Thrombocythemia= increased count
WBC….
RBC….blood
Hemoglobin (Hgb)…..
Hematocrit (HCT)… sufficient RBC to carry O2
WBC-5,000- 10,000
RBC - 4.5 - 5.5
Hgb - 12-18
HCT - 37% - 50%
Differential count: READ AND GIVE THE PERCENTAGES OF EACH:
Neutrophils— anti-inflammatory response
Lymphocytes— increase with bacterial and virus infections
Monocytes— found in bloodstream as phagocytic, when in tissue become macrophages
Eosinophils— parasitic infections
Neutrophils- 50% to 70%
Lymphocytes- 20% to 40%
Monocytes- 4% to 8 %
Eosinophils- 2% to 4%
NEVER LET MONKEYS EAT BANANAS (basophils)
1) What can relieve some arrhythmia symptoms, such as fatigue and fainting, and help a person who has abnormal heart rhythms?
Pacemaker
What is the surgical intervention for Angina pectoris?
If patient develops pain after the procedure- what should you do?
CABG—Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Report info to MD STAT
DEFINE ANGIOPLASTY.
SURGICAL REPAIR OR UNBLOCKING OF A BLOOD VESSEL, ESPECIALLY A CORONARY ARTERY
Grafts are usually taken from sections of saphenous veins in the legs or in the internal mammary arterY FOR WHAT PROCEDURE?
CABG
CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT
AFTER A CABG; IF THE PATIENT HAS AN IRREGULAR PULSE- WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?
Count apical pulse for 1 minute if patient has irregular radial pulse
Serum cardiac markers ALL ELEVATED WITH AN MI:
CK-MB– Creatinine Phosphokinase CPK- when does this value PEAK?? RETURN TO NORMAL?
troponin
SGOT
LDL
WHAT ARE THE NORMAL RANGES FOR EACH?
CK-MB- Normal = 25-200 CPK, 0-4 MB
PEAKS IN 24 HOURS, RETURNS TO NORMAL 24-40 WITHIN HOURS
Troponin = < 0.04
SGOT = 10-42 U/L
LDL = 140-280 U/L
THIS cardiac marker is noted as Levels which rise 4 to 8 hours after an acute MI,
Peaks at 16 to 24 hours
Returns to baseline within 4 days.
Monitor patient for 24 hours
•25-200 U/L
•32-150 U/L
NAME THE CARDIAC MARKER.
Creatine Kinase (CK)
THIS cardiac marker begins to increase 6 to 10 hours after an acute MI
Peaks in 24 hours
Remains elevated for up to 72 hours.
•< 12 IU/L if total CK is <400 IU/L
•<3.5% of total CK if total CK is >400 IU/L
Which cardiac marker does this describe?
CK-MB CK ISOENZYME
What cardiac marker is useful in diagnosing MI? Its level rises in 3 hours after MI, peaks 14 to 18 hours and returns to normal in 5 to 7 days. It has a normal range of > 0.04
Troponin - myocardial muscle proteins released in circulation after myocardial injury.
SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) - will begin to rise in 8-12 hours and peak in 18-30 hours
• What is its normal U/L range?
10 to 42 U/L
Name the hormone that is secreted by the heart in response to ventricular expansion and pressure overload? It is a Marker for HF – “stretch” of heart during contraction and IF ITS LAB VALUES ARE above 100 pg/ml, THIS indicates HF.
BNP- B type Natriuretic Peptide
CHECK ALL THAT APPLY…Elevated lab values on myocardial infarction: (4)
•SGOT / AST
•CPK-MB
•LDH
•Troponin
WHAT IS THE RECOMMEND AMOUT OF SODIUM INTAKE PER DAY?
ANSWER IN MG AND TEASPOON
2,300 MG/ DAY WHICH IS (1) TEASPOON
The Medicinal management for HEART FAILURE IS TO INCREASE CARDIAC EFFICIENCY
BELOW ARE THE MEDS: WHAT are THEIR PURPOSES IN HELPING A HF PATIENT?
• Digitalis- Digoxin= _________
• Vasodilators = ________
• ACE inhibitors = ___________
+ DIURETICS= _______
• Digitalis- Digoxin (strengthens heart contraction)
• Vasodilators (makes vascular bed larger)
• ACE inhibitors (decreases blood pressure)
+ DIURETICS= Decrease fluid volume
